1. Irony

“Irony”comes from the Greek word “eiron,” meaning a man who makes himself appear lessthan he is. When Odysseus returned at last from Troy, he appeared to be aragged beggar, not the rightful King of Ithaca. No one paid attention to himuntil he revealed himself by stringing his own bow—which none of his wifePenelope’s suitors, or anyone else, had the strength to do. 

2. Sarcasm

Sarcasmis one kind of irony; it is a praise which is really an insult; sarcasmgenerally involves malice, the desire to put someone down, e.g., "This ismy brilliant son, who failed out of college."

3. Paradox

Christ used paradox in histeaching: "They have ears but hear not." Or in ordinary conversation,we might use a paradox, "Deep down he's really very shallow." Paradoxattracts the reader's or the listener's attention and gives emphasis.

4. Oxymoron

a statement with two parts whichseem contradictory; examples: sad joy, a wise fool, the sound of silence, orHamlet's saying, "I must be cruel only to be kind"

5. Innuendo

anindirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in expression; aninsinuation

6. Satire

It isthe exposure of the vices or follies of an individual, a group, an institution,an idea, a society, etc., usually with a view to correcting it. Satiristsfrequently use irony.

7. pun

A pun is defined by Webster as"the humorous use of a word, or of words which are formed or sounded alikebut have different meanings, in such a way as to play on two or more of thepossible applications; a play on words."