类别：传统习俗

出处：http://www.gdsqyg.com/agdfyzg/mingluinfo?mlproid=2023062728476059

简介：作鱼梁习俗是河源市连平县肖屋村村民发挥集体智慧，就地取材筑堰拦水制作“鱼梁” 进行捕鱼的一种传统生活方式，是南方地区传统捕鱼活动珍贵的、活态的遗存，是中国最古老的水产资源利用方式之一。明朝天顺年间，肖氏先民落居桐梓园后，利用新丰江畔渔业资源丰富这一得天独厚的自然条件，组织男丁建造鱼梁进行捕鱼来维持生计，肖家人世代相传，沿袭至今已数百年。鱼梁是用竹子、木藤、木桩、柴枝等制成长形或 U 型的，有自然筛选功能的竹栅，在有落差的水流湍急处，倾斜装置于河床筑堰拦水捕鱼的古老设备。当鱼逆流而上的时候，强壮的鱼就能穿过两侧预留的大孔，穿过急流直接往上游水，小鱼顺着鱼梁的竹栅往下漏回到河里，而体力较弱的就被急流冲到渔梁的竹栅“斜坡”上，成了肖屋村民的收成。这是一种符合水产资源可持续利用的选择性捕捞实践。每年作鱼梁，由上一届抓到头阄的人担任“鱼梁头”发起，根据当年汛期情况确定建梁时间后，组织参与出资修建鱼梁的村民充作“梁股”，集体合资修建鱼梁，群体利用鱼梁进行日夜轮换捕鱼活动。主要程序包括筹备、备料、搭建、圆梁、聚餐、抓阄、收获等七个过程。持续时间：从汛期前至开春后，是组织建造鱼梁工作；从清明节前后至中秋节期间，是捕鱼季。作鱼梁习俗反映了当地人团结友爱、互助合作的精神，尊重自然生态环境的优良传统、人与自然和谐共生的思想观念，对古代中国的捕捞生产习俗、传统的水产资源利用方式的研究具有重要的价值。

英译：The tradition of building fish weirs in Xiaowu Village, Lianping County, Heyuan City, is atraditional way of life where villagers utilize their collective wisdom and local materials toconstruct "fish weirs" to catch fish. This practice is a precious and dynamic remnant of traditionalfishing activities in southern China, and one of the oldest methods of utilizing aquatic resources inChina.During the Tian-shun period of the Ming Dynasty, ancestors of the Xiao family settled inTongzi Garden and took advantage of the rich fishery resources along the Xinjiang River. Theyorganized the construction of fish weirs to sustain their livelihoods. This tradition has been passeddown through generations for hundreds of years. A fish weir is constructed using materials such as bamboo, wooden vines, wooden stakes, and brushwood to form long or U-shaped structures with natural screening capabilities made ofbamboo grilles. Positioned at locations where there is a drop in the water flow and swift currents, these weirs are inclined and set on the riverbed to intercept fish. When fish swim upstream, thestronger ones can pass through the large holes left on both sides and proceed against the current, while smaller fish slip through the bamboo grilles of the fish weir and return downstream to theriver. Weaker fish are caught on the "ramp" of the bamboo grille due to the swift current, becoming the harvest for the villagers of Xiaowu Village. This selective fishing practice alignswith sustainable use of aquatic resources. Each year, the tradition of building fish weirs begins with the "head of the fish weir" selectedfrom the previous year's catch. They organize and lead the villagers who contribute funds to build31the fish weir, known as "beam shares," based on the flood conditions of that year. The processinvolves seven main stages: preparation, material preparation, construction, rounding the beam, gathering for meals, drawing lots, and harvesting. The duration spans from pre-flood season untilearly spring for construction, and from around Qingming Festival to mid-autumn for the fishingseason. The tradition of building fish weirs reflects the spirit of unity, mutual assistance, andcooperation among local people, respecting the excellent tradition of natural ecologicalenvironment and the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. It holdssignificant value for studying ancient Chinese fishing production customs and traditional methodsof utilizing aquatic resources.