类别：传统技艺

出处：http://www.gdsqyg.com/agdfyzg/mingluinfo?mlproid=2023062694712313

简介：紫金铁锅由紫金宝山产的优质生铁制成，俗称“生铁锅”，采用重力浇注的传统生产方法，将铁水从铸型顶部注入，铁水在重力的作用下成形、凝固，从而获得铁锅成品。当地县志记载：“本县铸锅业始于明洪武十一年，第一个铸锅工场在乌石榕林油墩嶂。”清代中期，紫金县有铸锅工场三十多个，分布在附城乌石、龙窝、瓦溪、九树、九和、蓝塘、义容，黄塘等地，所产铁锅远销惠州、潮州以及南洋等地。紫金铁锅具有韧性好、不生锈、光滑油润、美观耐用以及骤冷而不破裂的特点。其主要生产流程分为选料、冶炼、浇铸、验收、包装、压模、修模等；生产设备有熔铁炉、风箱、模具；生产配料有木炭、松烟、石墨、烟扫、谷壳、白泥等。目前铁锅成品有平底锅、大锅18（学校、部队用）、钭纹底“源金宝”节能锅。与此同时，铁锅生产厂家不断引进新技术，开发研制出铁锅新品种，以及铁茶杯、铁煲、铁壶、铁碗等一系列日常家居用品。紫金铁锅数百年来产品质量长期稳定，是其传承形式决定的，以师徒传承形式取代了宗族传承方式，学徒工通过优胜劣汰的方式，决定去留，掌握全套技术的学徒取得当师傅的资格后，可应聘到别厂当师傅，也可合资另开新厂，招徒授艺，其传承关系不再是仅局限于宗族范围内，这对保证产品质量具有重要意义。紫金铁锅制作技艺经历代传承，具有比较典型的民间手工艺的生产和经营管理的特点，有较强的地区影响力，传承发展铁锅生产技艺，对挖掘研究紫金人文历史、民间工业发展史，推动紫金山区经济发展具有较高的历史、文化和经济价值。

英译：Zijin iron pots, made from high-quality pig iron produced in the Zijin Baoshan, arecommonly known as "cast iron pan." They are manufactured using the traditional method ofgravity pouring, where molten iron is poured into molds from the top. Under the force of gravity, the iron solidifies into the desired pot shape, resulting in the final product. Local county recordsstate: "The casting of pots in this county began in the 11th year of the Ming Hongwu era. The firstpot casting workshop was located in Wushi Ronglin Youdunzhang." By the mid-Qing Dynasty, there were over thirty pot casting workshops in Zijin County, distributed in areas such as Wushi, Longwo, Waxi, Jiushu, Jiuhu, Lantang, Yirong, and Huangtang. The pots produced were exportedto places like Huizhou, Chaozhou, and Southeast Asia. Zijin iron pots are known for their excellent toughness, rust resistance, smooth and lubricioussurface, durability, and ability to withstand rapid cooling without cracking. The main productionprocess includes material selection, smelting, casting, inspection, packaging, mold pressing, andmold repairing. Production equipment includes iron melting furnaces, bellows, and molds, whileproduction materials include charcoal, pine smoke, graphite, tobacco sweepings, rice husks, andkaolin. Currently, the iron pots available include flat-bottomed pots, large pots (used in schoolsand military), and ribbed-bottom "Yuanjinbao" energy-saving pots. Meanwhile, manufacturerscontinue to introduce new technologies to develop iron pot variants, as well as a range of dailyhousehold items such as iron tea cups, iron pots, iron kettles, and iron bowls. For centuries, the quality of Zijin iron pots has remained stable, largely due to its form ofinheritance. The apprentice system has replaced familial inheritance, where apprentices learnthrough a process of natural selection, deciding who stays and who leaves. Apprentices whomaster the entire set of techniques can qualify as masters, either finding work in other factories orstarting new ventures, passing on their skills to new apprentices. This shift from familial toapprenticeship inheritance has been crucial in maintaining product quality. The craftsmanship of Zijin iron pots has been passed down through generations, representinga typical form of folk handicraft production and management. It holds significant regionalinfluence, contributing to the exploration of Zijin's cultural history, the development of folkindustry, and promoting economic growth in the mountainous regions of Zijin.