类别：传统技艺

出处：http://www.gdsqyg.com/agdfyzg/mingluinfo?mlproid=2023062679503865

简介：阳明纸制作技艺属土法造纸，始于元，盛于明清。明正德十三年（1518）王阳明奏请建和平县，县令兴教办学，重视发展手工业，帮助山民引入更先进的造纸技术，生产出比原来的土纸更薄、更细、韧性更好的纸，使得和平县的社会经济自此平稳发展。为纪念王阳明，和平县百姓将造出的土纸统称为“阳明纸”。阳明纸制作技艺需要 4—6 人操作，分为砍、破竹麻，腌制竹麻，造纸三个步骤，共有20 多道工序。每年立夏前后，入山采伐苗竹，砍下裁成三尺多长竹段，用刀刮去青竹皮再破成小块竹片，削去竹节。将腌池清洁干净后，用竹片子垫好池底，然后放一层竹麻片子，撒上生石灰粉，再用竹片和大石压好，放满清水腌制 40 天后捞洗竹麻，洗净后还要再腌制40 天以上，待完全腐熟后，成为造纸原料。将原料放在石砌的踩槽内用脚踩踏至细烂，然后放到浆槽坊里加入清水混成纸浆，用竹扒反复搅拌均匀，捞起纸筋杂物，加入熟制好的胶叶水，用特制的竹麻捞纸。每捞一次就是一张纸，叠放在纸榨板上，叠到适量时，上榨榨干水，称为一托纸。将纸一张张剥下，用松毛刷子刷到焙笼上，称为焙纸。每个焙笼一次一般可焙 20 张左右的纸，干后取下叠起，称为一刀纸。传统工艺制作的纸张纸品丰富、纸质优良，可根据需要制作成阳明纸、东庄纸、花尖纸、中包纸、大包纸、尖皮纸、五钱纸、一两纸及油纸等。阳明纸制作技艺对研究明、清、民国时期和平县人文、经济等社会的发展具有十分重要的意义。

英译：The Yangming paper-making technique belongs to the traditional method of handmade paperproduction, originating in the Yuan Dynasty and flourishing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 17In the 13th year of the Ming Zhengde era (1518), Wang Yangming proposed the establishment ofHeping County, where the county magistrate promoted education and emphasized thedevelopment of handicraft industries. This included introducing more advanced paper-makingtechnologies to local mountain communities, resulting in the production of paper that was thinner, finer, and more durable than the original handmade paper. This advancement contributed to thestable economic development of Heping County. To honor Wang Yangming, the local peoplecollectively referred to the paper produced as "Yangming paper." The process of Yangming paper-making involves 4 to 6 operators and consists of choppingand splitting bamboo bast, soaking the bamboo bast, and the actual paper-making process, totalingover 20 steps. Around the beginning of summer, bamboo is harvested from the mountains. It is cutinto sections over three feet long, and the green bamboo skin is removed with a knife beforebreaking it into small pieces. The bamboo nodes are shaved off. The soaking pool is cleanedthoroughly, bamboo pieces are layered at the bottom, followed by bamboo bast pieces sprinkledwith lime powder, pressed with bamboo pieces and large stones, and soaked in water for 40 days. After washing and re-soaking for another 40 days until completely decomposed, it becomes theraw material for paper-making. The raw material is placed in a stone-built stomping trough and crushed into fine pulp withfeet, then mixed with water in a pulp trough, stirred repeatedly with a bamboo paddle until evenlymixed, and the paper fibers and impurities are scooped out. Pre-prepared gelatin leaf water isadded, and the paper is scooped out with specially made bamboo bast. Each scoop produces onesheet of paper, stacked on a paper press board. When enough sheets are stacked, they are pressedto remove excess water, forming a paper stack known as a "stack of paper." Each sheet is peeledoff one by one, brushed onto a drying rack with a pine needle brush, and dried, resulting in afinished sheet of paper called "baking paper." Typically, each drying rack can bake about 20sheets of paper at a time. The traditional craft produces a variety of paper products with rich diversity and superiorquality, including Yangming paper, Dongzhuang paper, Huanjian paper, Zhongbao paper, Dabaopaper, Jianpi paper, Wuqian paper, Yiliang paper, and oil paper, tailored to specific needs. TheYangming paper-making technique holds significant importance in the study of social andeconomic developments in Heping County during the Ming, Qing, and early Republican periods.