类别：传统戏剧

出处：http://www.gdsqyg.com/agdfyzg/mingluinfo?mlproid=2023062191768321

简介：和平采茶戏是河源市和平县及周边地区群众喜闻乐见的一种传统地方戏。它最早可追溯至乾隆年间在和平出现的“采茶腔”，是当地方言和民间音乐、说唱等融合而成的一种戏剧样式。和平采茶戏演出角色以旦、生、丑为主，俗称“三脚班”。服饰道具有男单水袖、女长彩带、阳明纸伞、彩边扇、茶篮、鱼篓、锄头、货担等。伴奏乐器有堂鼓、大鼓、大锣、小锣、二胡、扬琴、笛子、唢呐等。和平采茶戏基本动作有扇花、手巾花、高步、矮步、蹲步、碎步、云手、圆手、搓手等。表演形式有闹台、台步、扇花、抛扇、顶帕等。内容多表现民间生活题材，具有浓郁的泥土气息，代表剧目主要有《哨妹子》《钓拐》《补皮鞋》《别鲁基》等。和平采茶戏唱腔音乐以当地山歌调、民间说唱和地方音乐为主，同时吸收了广东汉剧、京剧，分北路、南路、灯调、杂曲四大类；唱腔结构以曲牌连缀体为主，后融入板腔体音乐；演唱形式常采用“一唱众和”式，即台上一名演员演唱，其他演员和乐师在演唱到每句句末时，和唱“啊嗬”“咿哟”之类的帮腔。和平采茶戏是我国众多采茶戏流派之一，是采茶戏发展史上的重要遗存和活态传承基因，它凝聚了当地人民的思想、感情、愿望和智慧，具有浓厚的地方特色和乡土气息，是和平县客家文化的重要组成部分。和平采茶戏的发展历史，是研究采茶戏从采茶歌发展到民间小戏乃至融入大戏，从山间田头到现代剧场发展历史的重要内容，对认识我国采茶戏的发展演变历史，深化我国传统剧种研究和中国戏剧史研究都有重要参考价值。

英译：The Tea Picking Opera of Heping is a traditional local opera widely enjoyed by the masses inHeping County, Heyuan City, and surrounding areas. It can be traced back to the Qianlong periodwhen the "Tea Picking Tune" first appeared in Heping, evolving into a theatrical style combininglocal dialects, folk music, and storytelling. Roles in Tea Picking Opera primarily include female lead, male lead, and clown, commonlyknown as the "Three-Legged Band." Costumes and props include men's single water sleeves, women's long colored ribbons, Yangming paper umbrellas, colored edge fans, tea baskets, fishbaskets, hoes, carrying poles, and more. Accompanying musical instruments consist of Tanggu (atype of drum), dagu (large drum), daluo (large gong), xiaoluo (small gong), erhu (two-stringedfiddle), yangqin (hammered dulcimer), flute, suona (Chinese horn), and others. Basic movementsin Tea Picking Opera include fan dances, handkerchief dances, high steps, low steps, squattingsteps, fragmented steps, cloud hands, round hands, and rubbing hands. Performance forms includestage disruptions, platform steps, fan dances, throwing fans, and hat tossing. The content oftenportrays themes of folk life, exuding a strong local flavor. Representative plays include "WhistlingGirl," "Fishing for a Cane," "Mending Leather Shoes," and "Straw Binding." The musical tunes of Tea Picking Opera are mainly based on local folk songs, folkstorytelling, and regional music, also incorporating elements from Guangdong opera and Beijingopera, categorized into Northern Route, Southern Route, Lamp Tunes, and Miscellaneous Tunes. 9The structure of the tunes primarily adopts a continuous style, later integrating board tune music. Singing often employs a "lead singer with chorus" format, where one actor sings on stage whileothers and musicians interject with phrases like "ah-he" and "yi-yo" at the end of each line. Tea Picking Opera is one of the many regional variants of tea-picking operas in China, representing an important cultural heritage and dynamic lineage in the history of tea-pickingoperas. It embodies the thoughts, emotions, desires, and wisdom of the local people, characterizedby a strong local flavor and rural atmosphere, constituting a significant part of Hakka culture inHeping County. The historical development of Tea Picking Opera reflects the evolution fromtea-picking songs to folk mini-dramas and their integration into larger theatrical productions, spanning from mountain fields to modern theaters. Its study holds important reference value forunderstanding the development and evolution of tea-picking operas in China, and for deeperresearch into traditional Chinese opera and theatrical history.