经济全球化对世界经济格局的影响

经济全球化成为世界经济发展的客观趋势，全球治理体系和国际秩序变革加速推进，各国相互联系和依存日益加深，对于所有国家和地区来说，都面临着机遇与挑战。同时，各国在当今国际格局和现存国际秩序中所处的地位各不相同，因而各国的应对能力和应对实力存在较大差异，所面临的机遇与挑战也各不相同。经济全球化背景下的全球范围的产业结构调整和技术转移，不可避免地引起了国际经济关系的新调整和政治权利再分配。

After centuries of technological progress and advances in international cooperation, the world is more connected than ever. But how much has the rise of trade and the modern global economy helped or hurt American businesses, workers, and consumers? Here is a basic guide to the economic side of this broad and much debated topic, drawn from current research.

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information. Countries have built economic partnerships to facilitate these movements over many centuries. But the term gained popularity after the Cold War in the early 1990s, as these cooperative arrangements shaped modern everyday life. This guide uses the term more narrowly to refer to international trade and some of the investment flows among advanced economies, mostly focusing on the United States.

The wide-ranging effects of globalization are complex and politically charged. As with major technological advances, globalization benefits society as a whole, while harming certain groups. Understanding the relative costs and benefits can pave the way for alleviating problems while sustaining the wider payoffs.