I. Please read the text after the speaker.

                            Four things a good designer teaches us

1. Are there any ingrained habits that are linked to a designer’s ability to turn original ideas into innovations? ① Having studied more than 100 top designers in various fields over the past couple of years, I found that there are a few shared habits which seem to be almost second nature to many designers. And these ingrained habits are intrinsically linked to the designer’s ability to bring original ideas into the world as successful innovations. So what can people in business learn from the ways that successful designers solve problems and innovate? ② On the most basic level, they can learn to question, care, connect, and commit — four of the most important things successful designers do to achieve significant breakthroughs.

Question

    2 If you spend any time around designers, you quickly discover this about them: they ask, and raise, a lot of questions. Often this is the starting point in the design process, and it can have a profound influence on everything that follows. ③Many of the designers I studied talked about the importance of asking questions, even “stupid questions” — the ones that challenge existing realities and assumptions in a given industry or sector. The persistent tendency of designers to do this is captured in the joke that designers tell about themselves: “How many designers does it take to change a light bulb? Answer: Does it have to be a light bulb?”

    3 ④ In a business setting, asking basic “why” questions can make the questioner

seem naive while putting others on the defensive (as in “what do you mean by ‘Why are we doing it this way?’ We’ve been doing it this way for 22 years!”). ⑤But by encouraging people to step back and reconsider old problems, implanted ideas or established practices, the designer can reframe the challenge at hand, which can then guide thinking in new directions. ⑥For businesses in today’s fast-changing marketplace, the ability to question and rethink basic fundamentals — What business are we really in? What do today’s consumers actually need or expect from us? — has never been more important.

II. Text analysis

        ① Having studied more than 100 top designers in various fields over the past couple of years, I found that there are a few shared habits which seem to be almost second nature to many designers. (Para. 1)

翻译：在过去几年里，我调查了各种行业 100多名顶级设计师，发现了很多设计师共有的、几乎是他们第二天性的一些习惯。

 ②On the most basic level, they can learn to question, care, connect, and commit — four of the most important things successful designers do to achieve significant breakthroughs.(Para. 1)

翻译：最根本上讲，他们能学会质疑、关注、联系并付诸行动。这些是成功设计师实现重大突破所要做的最重要的四件事。

③Many of the designers I studied talked about the importance of asking questions, even “stupid questions” — the ones that challenge existing realities and assumptionsin a given industry or sector.(Para. 2)

翻译：我调查过的许多设计师都会谈到质疑的重要性，甚至是问“白痴问题”的重要性。“白痴问题”是对某一行业或部门已经存在的事实和假定提出的挑战。

       ④ In a business setting, asking basic “why” questions can make the questioner

seem naive while putting others on the defensive…(Para. 3)

翻译：在商业环境里，问基本的“为什么”这样的问题会让提问者看起来很幼稚，同时让对方产生戒备心理……

⑤But by encouraging people to step back and reconsider old problems, implanted ideas or established practices, the designer can reframe the challenge at hand, which can then guide thinking in new directions.(Para. 3)

翻译：但是，通过鼓励人们后退一步，重新思考一些老问题、根深蒂固的观念或陈规旧习，设计师对面临的挑战会有全新的理解，这会引导他们朝着新的方向思考问题。

⑥For businesses in today’s fast-changing marketplace, the ability to question and rethink basic fundamentals — What business are we really in? What do today’s consumers actually need or expect from us? — has never been more important.(Para. 3)

翻译：“我们处在怎样的商业环境中？”“现在的客户真正需要的是什么？他们想从我们这里得到什么？”在当今市场瞬息万变的时代里，质疑并重新思考这些基本问题的能力尤为重要。

 III.Test 

Four things a good designer teaches us

1. Are there any ingrained habits that are linked to a designer’s ability to turn original ideas into innovations? ① Having studied more than 100 top designers in various fields over the past couple of years, I found that there are a few shared habits which seem to be almost second nature to many designers. And these ingrained habits are intrinsically linked to the designer’s ability to bring original ideas into the world as successful innovations. So what can people in business learn from the ways that successful designers solve problems and innovate? ② On the most basic level, they can learn to question, care, connect, and commit — four of the most important things successful designers do to achieve significant breakthroughs.

Question

    2 If you spend any time around designers, you quickly discover this about them: they ask, and raise, a lot of questions. Often this is the starting point in the design process, and it can have a profound influence on everything that follows. ③Many of the designers I studied talked about the importance of asking questions, even “stupid questions” — the ones that challenge existing realities and assumptions in a given industry or sector. The persistent tendency of designers to do this is captured in the joke that designers tell about themselves: “How many designers does it take to change a light bulb? Answer: Does it have to be a light bulb?”

3 ④ In a business setting, asking basic “why” questions can make the questioner seem naive while putting others on the defensive (as in “what do you mean by ‘Why are we doing it this way?’ We’ve been doing it this way for 22 years!”). ⑤But by encouraging people to step back and reconsider old problems, implanted ideas or established practices, the designer can reframe the challenge at hand, which can then guide thinking in new directions. ⑥For businesses in today’s fast-changing marketplace, the ability to question and rethink basic fundamentals — What business are we really in? What do today’s consumers actually need or expect from us? — has never been more important.