Read cultural notes. Try to remember the 11 terms.
读完以下材料,您会熟悉文化相关的词汇。
2. Cultural Notes
(1) Hippie(嬉皮士): The hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world. These people created their own communities, listened to psychedelic rock, embraced the sexual revolution, and used drugs such as cannabis and LSD to explore alternative states of consciousness. 嬉皮亚文化是起源于20世纪60年代初美国的一种青年运动,并传播到世界各地。这些年轻人创立了他们自己的社区,听迷幻摇滚,接受性革命,服用引起幻觉的大麻和迷幻药。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippie
(2) Vegetarian(素食主义者): Vegetarians are the people who advocate Vegetarianism, which is the practice of following a diet that excludes meat (including game and slaughter by-products; fish, shellfish and other sea animals; and poultry) or possibly eggs and so on. 素食主义者是那些主张全食蔬菜的人,即主张食用没有任何肉类的饮食,包括猎物和屠宰副产品,鱼类、贝类和其他海洋动物及家禽,还可能包括蛋类等。
(3) Picasso(毕加索): Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. He is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937). 毕加索(1881.10.25 – 1973.4.8),西班牙画家、制图员和雕塑家。他以与人共同创立的立体主义画派及其作品中所体现的各种各样的风格而著名。《阿维农少女》(1907年)和《格尔尼卡》(1937年)是其最著名的代表作。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso
(4) Beethoven(贝多芬): Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential composers of all time.(贝多芬是德国作曲家和钢琴家。他是西方古典音乐在由古典向浪漫过渡时期的一个关键的人物,并是最知名和有影响力的作曲家之一。)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven
(5) Pinocchio(比诺曹): Pinocchio is a fictional character that first appeared in 1883, in The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. He was created as a wooden puppet, but dreamt of becoming a real boy. Whenever he tells a lie, his nose becomes longer than it usually seems.比诺曹是意大利作家卡罗·科洛迪1883年的《木偶奇遇记》中的一个虚构人物。他本是一个木偶,但梦想成为真正的男孩,他在说谎时鼻子会变长。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinocchio
(6) Columbus(哥伦布): Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 – 20 May 1506) was a Genoese navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. 克里斯托弗·哥伦布(约1451 – 1506.5.20)是一个热那亚航海家、探险家和殖民者。哥伦布跨越大西洋的航程促使在西半球的大部分欧洲人认识了美洲大陆。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
(7) Abraham Lincoln(亚伯拉罕·林肯): Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. 亚伯拉罕·林肯(1809.2.12- 1865.4.15),第16届美国总统。他成功地领导了美国渡过其最大的内部危机——美国南北战争,维护联盟并结束奴隶制。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
(8) American Civil War(美国内战): The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Its legacy includes ending slavery in the United States, restoring the Union, and strengthening the role of the federal government. 美国南北战争(1861—1865年)是一场美利坚合众国的内战。11个南部州宣布脱离美国,形成了邦联合众国(邦联)。南北战争的贡献包括结束美国奴隶制、恢复联盟、加强联邦政府的作用。)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War
(9) Opium war(鸦片战争): The Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, lasted from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860, the climax of a trade dispute between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. Britain forced the Chinese government into signing the Treaty of Nanjing and the Treaty of Tianjin, also known as the Unequal Treaties. The Opium Wars forcefully and suddenly opened China to the world. 鸦片战争,也称为中英战争,从1839年持续到1842年,从1856年持续到1860年,是清王朝时期中国与大英帝国之间的贸易争端高潮。英国强迫中国政府签订了《南京条约》和《天津条约》,也被称为不平等条约。鸦片战争迫使中国对外开放。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars
(10) Pompeii(庞贝城): Pompeii is a ruined and partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. It was lost for nearly 1,700 years due to a long catastrophic eruption of the volcano before its accidental rediscovery in 1748. (庞贝城是一个被破坏并部分被掩埋的罗马城镇,靠近今天的意大利的坎帕尼亚地区的那不勒斯,位于庞贝市政府境内。这座城市由于一次长时间灾难性的火山爆发被掩埋了将近一千七百年,又在1748年被偶然重新发现。)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompeii
(11) Baby boomer(婴儿潮时期出生的人): People born between the end of World War II (1945) and the late 1960s, period during which the populations and economies of the belligerent nations (particularly the US) boomed. This term was coined in 1974 when the advertisers recognized the spending power and very different demands of these (then) youngsters. (婴儿潮时期出生的人:出生于第二次世界大战(1945)至20世纪60年代末期的人。在这一时期,美国的人口和经济飞速发展。“婴儿潮”一词于1974年出现,此时广告商开始认识到这一代人的购买力和与众不同的需求。)
资料来源:
严明编著.大学英语跨文化交际教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2009. 配套电子文档。