There are three main types of note-taking methods that can be utilized depending on the content and the purpose of the notes. The first type is structural notes, which involve outlining the main structure of the material, summarizing key points, and providing personal responses or reflections on the content. This method is particularly useful for organizing complex information and integrating one's own thoughts with the material being studied.

The second type is extractive notes, which consist of directly copying or paraphrasing important information from the source material. This method is straightforward and helps in capturing precise details, quotes, or data that are essential for future reference or study.

Lastly, there are argumentative notes, which focus on capturing the main arguments and counterarguments presented in the material. This approach is beneficial for engaging with the content critically, understanding different perspectives, and preparing for debates or discussions on the subject matter.

Each of these note-taking methods serves a unique purpose and can be adapted to suit the individual learning style and the nature of the material being studied.

Criteria for evaluating the essence of a book: non-fiction with rigorous argumentation; is the author an expert in the field; the publisher's reputation; and whether it is the original edition.