语法知识——Adjectives & Adverbs (形容词和副词)

                                         Adjectives & Adverbs (形容词和副词)

一、形容词

用来修饰名词的词语都可以算作形容词。形容词一般在句子里充当表语、定语或补语，有时与其他词一起构成短语后作状语用。请看下面五个例句：

(1) As a young artist, Walt Disney often worked late in his studio.

(2) He caught them and kept them in small cages on his desk.

(3) Now it has become much easier for us Chinese to meet those lovely cartoon characters in real life.

(4) We consider Tom necessary for the job.

(5) We should respect the old and love the young.

例句(1)—(3)来自课文。句(1)、句(2)里的形容词作定语，句(3)里的第一个形容词作表语，另外两个形容词作定语。句(4)中的形容词作补语，句(5)中的形容词与the连用，相当于名词。注意：有些形容词只能作表语或者定语(前者如alive，asleep；后者如very，only)；有些形容词只能修饰人(如pleased，tired)。

 

二、副词

副词可以修饰动词、形容词、名词、其他副词或全句。副词的种类很多，常见的有：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频度副词、肯定(否定)副词、疑问副词、关系副词和连接副词等。请看下列例句：

(6) As a young artist, Walt Disney often worked late in his studio.

(7) In 1928 Mickey Mouse first appeared in a cartoon film.

(8) When sound was starting to be used in movies, Disney immediately made his Mickey Mouse talk on the movie screen.

(9) However, his death did not bring his dreams to an end.

例句(6)—(9)来自课文，其中斜体单词为副词。句(6)里的often是频度副词，late 则是时间副词；句(7)里的first是时间副词；句(8)里的when是连接副词，immediately 是时间副词；句(9)里的however是连接副词，not是否定副词。

 

三、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级

形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。它们的变化形式分规则和不规则两种。规则变化有如下规律：

1. 在单音节形容词后以及少数以-er，-ow，-ble，-ple结尾的双音节形容词和少数副词后加-er，-est或-r，-st。例如：

strong — stronger — strongest

clever — cleverer — cleverest

2. 在以-e结尾的单音节形容词和少数副词后加-r，-st。例如：

brave — braver — bravest

wide — wider — widest

3. 形容词以一个辅音字母结尾，其前面的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加-er，-est。例如：

big — bigger — biggest

hot — hotter — hottest

4. 辅音字母后加-y结尾的单音节及双音节形容词和少数副词(由形容词+ly构成的副词除外)要将-y变为-i，再加-er，-est。例如：

easy — easier — easiest

early — earlier — earliest

5. 在双音节和多音节形容词和大多数副词前可以加more和most分别构成比较级和最高级。例如：

important — more important — most important

quickly — more quickly — most quickly

 

常见形容词和副词的不规则变化如下所列，需要熟记：

 

视频讲解：

Grammar Tips / Exercises

A. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the words given in brackets.

1. Among the subjects I am studying, I like English  best  (well).

2. We have  less  (little) rainfall this year than last year.

3. Which is  more difficult  (difficult) for you, physics or maths?

4. I have as  many  (many) books as you do.

5. Why don’t you use a  sharper  (sharp) knife?

 

B. Choose the best answer.

1. She isn’t so ______ at maths as you are.

A. well             B. good             C. better            D. best

 

2. He is ______ enough to carry the heavy box.

A. stronger               B. much stronger   C. strong           D. the strongest

 

3. The box is ______ heavy for the girl ______ carry.

A. too; to          B. to; too          C. so; that         D. no; to

 

4. The ice in the lake is about one meter ______. It’s strong enough to skate on.

A. long             B. high             C. thick             D. wide

 

5. Wu Lin ran ______ faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.

A. so                B. much                      C. very                 D. too

Practical Reading and Writing

文档资料：

范例讲解：

Invitation Cards (请柬)

    请柬是社交书信的一种，用于邀请宾客参加某项活动并告知相关事宜。正式的请柬一般是打印出来的，格式和语言都有严格的要求。仔细阅读以下请柬样本，请注意请柬格式和英文表达方法。

 

Tips on writing an invitation card

 写作练习：

• You are required to fill out the following application form according to the instructions given in

• Chinese. 

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