1. What is style?

Definitions of style from both Chinese and western theorists

Style as form (Aristotle)

Style as eloquence (Cicero)

Style is the man (Buffon)

Saying the right thing in the most effective way (Enkvist)

Style as equivalence (Jakobson)

Style as foregrounding (Leech and Short, Makarovsky)

Style as deviation (Mukarovsky & Spitzer)

Style as prominence (Halliday)

Style as the selection of features partly determined by the demands of genre, form, theme, etc. (Traugott and Pratt)

A man's style is his mind's voice (Emerson)

Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style (Swift)

Enkvist:

• Style is the very thought itself.

• Style is a shell surrounding a pre-existing core of thought. It is regarded as an addition to central core of thought or expression.

• Style is a set of individual characteristics. It is the man himself.

• Style is deviation from a norm.

• Style is a set of collective characteristics.

• Style as the linguistic features that communicate emotions and thought (Enkvist)

• Style as the choice between alternative expressions (Enkvist)

According to A Dictionary of Literary Terms, style is "the characteristic manner of expression in prose or verse; how a particular writer says things. The analysis and assessment of style involves examination of a writer's choice of words, his figures of speech, the devices (rhetorical and otherwise), the shape of sentences (whether they be loose or periodic), the shape of paragraphs--indeed, of every conceivable aspect of his language and the way in which he uses it."

--J. A. Cuddon, 1979 

Style is the essential characteristic of every piece of writing, the outcome of the writer's personality and his emotions at the moment, and no single paragraph can be put together without revealing in some degree the nature of its author.

--Theodore Savory, 1957

很难找出一个术语和概念比“风格”更多义，更众说纷纭的了。

                                           ----维诺格拉多夫《作者个性与语体风格理论》

心灵的外观。---叔本华

风格是生命，是思想的血液。----福楼拜

思想的外衣。---韦斯利

《牛津文学术语词典》：风格是语言运用的任何独特方式，是区别不同作家，不同流派，不同时期，不同类型的重要特征。

The word style has several senses: it refers to  a writer's habitual way or peculiar way of using language, or the prevalent features of the language of a certain perod, or the characteristic aspects of the language of a certain type of writing. It may also mean grace or elegance in writing, as in "He has no style."

——丁往道：《英语写作手册》

1979年版《辞海》：风格是作家，艺术家在创作中所表现出来的艺术特色和创作个性。

According to formality, the style can be divided into five types:  

Frozen Style (庄严的语体)

Formal Style (正式的语体)

Consultative Style (商议性语体)

Casual Style (随意的语体)

Intimate Style (亲密的语体)

-- Martin Joos: The Five Clocks

2. 什么是翻译风格？

What is translation style?

“翻译风格，又称‘译文风格’（有时亦指‘译者风格’），是指译者在翻译实践中所表现出来的艺术特色和创作个性，具体体现为译者选择题材的口味、所遵循的翻译标准、采用的翻译方法以及译文语言的表现手法等特点。”

3. 影响翻译风格形成的因素：

首先，翻译风格受译者自身风格的影响。译者个人的性格气质、学识休养、工作态度、表现手法、语言特色以及翻译的目的等因素都会对翻译的风格产生影响。 

其次，翻译风格受翻译客体——源语文本的影响。 

第三，翻译风格受译者所处的特定时代或特定社会文化环境的影响。