translation process
The cognitive activity where translators establish interlingual equivalences between texts or text segments.
译员在文本或文本内容之间建立语际对等的认知活动。
Note 1. – During this complex operation, the translator proceeds in a more or less conscious and methodical fashion to interpret and analyze the features of the source text, to apply translation procedures, to explore the resources available in the target text, to select the appropriate options for reexpressing the ideas expressed in the source text, and to verify the equivalents chosen.
注1：这是一个复杂的操作过程，译员在一定程度上自觉地设法理解和分析源语文本的特征，执行翻译程序，开发目的语文本中的可用资源，选择恰当的表达方法再现源语文本的内容，核实所选的对应词。
(Jean Delisle et al, Translation Terminology, FLTRP,2004, 277/139)
Translation procedures involve far more than step-bystep procedures for producing a translation from a sourcetext. There are a number of preliminary factors which mustfirst be considered, e.g. the nature of the source text, thecompetence of a translator the direction of the translation(e.g. from an acquired language to ones own mothertongue or from a text in one s own mother tongue to anacquired language ) the type of audience for which thetranslation is being prepared, the kind of publisher andeditor the marketing of the translation, and how it is likely to be used by readers.
The actual translation process also involves a numberof quite distinct factors, e.g. the pressures of time, work bya single translator or by a team, Ideal Vs. realisticprocedures, testing the results, multiple translations of the same text, and the learning of translation techniques.
翻译程序远非只是指具体翻译某一文本时一步一步的过程,它还包括许多需要事先加以考虑的因素,如原语文本的性质、译者的能力、翻译过程的方向(如从习得语译成母语或从母语译成习得语)、译文所针对的读者类型、出版商和编辑的类型、译文的发行和读者可能使用译文的方式。
实际翻译过程还包括许多与上述各方面截然不同的因素,如时限、个人翻译还是小组翻译、埋想的翻译程序还是切实可行的翻译程序、译文的检验、同一文木的多种译本、以及对翻译技巧的学习。
奈达著，严久生译，《语言、文化与翻译》（英汉对照），内蒙古大学出版社，2001:125/333
“过程”一词是指翻译的动态意义，有狭义和广义之分。
狭义的过程是指译者对具体文本的转换活动过程。具体地说，就是译者将待译文本由出发语向目的语转换的过程。
广义的过程不仅包括狭义的语言转换活动，还包括翻译活动的发起、原文文本的选择、译文文本的生成、传播与接受等。
（参见许钧，《翻译概论》，外研社，2009：44）
