Responsibilities of a translator
Skill
“在调和两种语文的特色:既要照顾原文,保其精神,还其面目;也要照顾译文,不但劝其委婉迎合原文,还要防止其在原文压力之下太受委屈,甚至面目全非。这真是十分高明的仲裁艺术,颇有鲁仲连之风。……译者的责任是双重的,既不能对不起原作者,也不能对不起译文,往往也就是译者自己的国文。他的功夫只能在碍手碍脚的有限空间施展,令人想起一位武侠怀里抱着婴孩还要突围而出。”(余光中:175-176)鲁仲连
Translation is an Arbitration Art. The translator's responsibility is dual, and both the original and the translated versions should be taken into account.
“任何词,只要发现与语境不符,就要查词典。不管它们是熟词(有时这类词更难应付)还是新词(Newmark,1988:11)。”
“译者对于原文有字字了解而无字字译出之责任。译者所应忠实的,不是原文的零字,乃零字所组者的语意。(林语堂,1933)”
As the process of translation is full of numerous language barriers and cultural traps to overcome, translators should be responsible for every word. But it does not mean to translate word-by-word. what the translator should focus on is semantic meaning rather than the specific words.
For example, this is an episode from Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea
“How old was I when you first took me in a boat?”
“Five, and you were nearly killed when I brought the fish in too green and nearly tore the boat to pieces.”
“你头一次带我上船时我多大?”“五岁。当我把那条活蹦乱跳的大鱼弄上船的时候,你差点儿送了命,那家伙差点儿把小船撞得七零八碎。”
Here Green is not the name of the colour, but it means“full of vigor or vitality”.
Therefore, we should get rid of the shackles of words and make overall adjustments according to the context, so as to convey the spirit of the original text, not just the literal processing. The translator should not only be satisfied with "translating" or "translating" the original text, but also consider whether the translation can achieve the expected function or effect in the target language context.
2. responsibilities for the society and culture
As a dutiful translator, he should be responsible for the society in addition to "serving" the original text and the translated version, which is worthy of the author and readers.
从事笔译工作的人,要对社会负责,
1、对自己的译作负责:例如
从事外宣翻译的人员,一定要熟悉国家外交政策,一切应以原话、原作为本,得有的放矢,原作不能随个人的好恶有所取舍和改变;例如
在中国日报英文版以及其他外宣的英文网站上,“中国梦”一致被译为“China dream”,并不像“美国梦”(American dream)一样被译为“Chinese dream”。为什么“美国梦”是American dream,而“中国梦”却要译成China dream呢?
这是因为原本Chinese一词在英语语言中常常带有一定的贬义。因此,为了避免因翻译产生的误读,并为了增强“中国梦”一词的外宣感染力,在翻译的时候采用了“China”而非“Chinese”。
英国学者Stuart Berg Flexner指出:“第二次世界大战时,英国军队里出现了一些表达方法,用Chinese来指代无组织,喧嚣,混乱,比如:a Chineseattack (中国式进攻)用来形容喧嚣、混乱的进攻;a Chinese landing(中国式降落)是飞机坠毁;the Chinese national anthem(中国国歌)是指响亮的爆炸声,尤指远离目标的炮弹或炸弹。
至于为什么会出现用Chinese来代表‘混乱’、‘可笑的失败’这类含义的原因,可能是英国士兵不了解中国人,认为中国人的语言和做事方式奇怪、难以捉摸。”
因此,基于词源学角度的考虑,各个外宣媒体把“中国梦”译成China dream而不是Chinese dream有一定的道理。然而,随着我国文化影响力的逐步加强,这些词语现在仅偶尔出现,而且并非故意针对中国人或中华民族。
2. 关注自己的译作是否为译入语受众所接受,是否为社会所承认,因为好译本的作用是消灭自己……倒是坏翻译会发生一种消灭原作的功效。并且误译甚至可能造成悲剧。
3. 在文化层面上,译者更是责无旁贷:
在如今多种文化并存互补的全球化趋势下,要保证不同民族、不同文化之间进行平等交流,译者要有稳定的立场,如何处理本国民族文化和外来文化,如何让弱国保留自己的文化和个性,如何让强国文化积极地推动本民族文化的发展。因此,译者肩负的任务很重。

