Detailed Discussion of Text A
1. Of course, we couldn’t wait to get there, so we took the PennsylvaniaTurnpike and a couple of interstates. (para. 1)
Because we wanted/were eager to get there as soon as we could, we took roads for theuse of fast-traveling traffic.
can’t wait/can hardly wait: used when you are emphasizing that sb. is very excited about sth. or keen to do it
e.g. When she received the letter of admission from Tsinghua University, she
couldn’t wait to tell her parents the good news.
The night before the reunion, I could hardly wait to go back to my Alma Mater (母校).
interstate: an interstate highway funded by the federal government
Cultural note: There are many different names for fast roads in the US. Highwaysusually connect cities. Sometimes they have only two lanes (车道) especially incountry areas, but near cities they may have three or four lanes going in each direction.A road with many lanes is sometimes called a superhighway. Interstate highwaysconnect cities in different states, and sometimes go through several states. Freewaysare roads within a city on which you can drive very fast without stopping, and theyusually have three or more lanes going in each direction. Expressways are fast roadsin or near cities. Freeways and expressways do not cost anything to use, but you haveto pay a small amount of money before you can use a fast road called a turnpike or atollway. These roads are often very long, and may go from one end of a state to theother. Some highways also cost money to use. (Longman Dictionary of EnglishLanguage and Culture, 1998)
2. … as pastoral scenery slid by us at 55 mph. (para. 1)… as we drove at 55 miles per hour past beautiful country scenes.slid by us: moved quickly past us
mph: (written abbreviation for) miles per hour
3. … and the herd of cows is reduced to a few dots in the rear-view mirror. (para.
1)
… (when our car was driving so fast) the cows looked like a few dots in the rear-view mirror.
rear-view mirror: a mirror in a vehicle, such as a car or a bus, which lets the driver see the area behind the vehicle
4. For four hours, our only real amusement consisted of counting exit signs and
wondering what it would feel like to hold still again. (para. 1)
The 4-hour drive on fast roads was tedious; and the only fun we had was counting theexit signs we were passing and figuring out how we’d feel if we stopped again.exit sign: a sign along fast roads that shows where vehicles can get out of themit would feel like to hold still again: Here, “it” is an anticipatory/introductory “it”; itstands for the subject of the clause “to hold still again”.
5. Getting there certainly didn’t seem like half the fun; in fact, getting therewasn’t any fun at all. (para. 1)
We had expected that our ride to West Virginia would be fun, and that half of the fun we’d get from the trip would come from it. But we were wrong. It wasn’t fun at all.
6. So, when it was time to return to our home outside of Philadelphia, I insisted that we take a different route. (para. 2) outside of: = outside (esp. in AmE)
route: a chosen direction or line of travel between one place and anothere.g. What’s the shortest route from our university to Tian’anmen Square?
7. The two days it took us to make the return trip were filled with new experiences. (para. 2)
Our return trip took two days; the route was longer, and we drove much more slowly.But we had many discoveries.
8. We toured a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill that fifteenthousand Confederate soldiers had tried to take on another hot July afternoon,one hundred and twenty-five years ago, not knowing that half of them would getkilled in the vain attempt. (para. 2)
We visited a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill. One hundred and twenty -five years ago, on a hot July afternoon, 15,000 soldiers fighting for slavery, whiletrying to occupy the hill, had no idea that they would fail and that half of them wouldbe killed in the battle. (Pay attention to the structure of this long sentence.)on another hot July afternoon: This indicates that the writer and her husband visitedthe battlefield on a hot July afternoon.
9. We drove slowly through main streets of sleepy Pennsylvania Dutch towns,slowing to twenty miles an hour so as not to crowd the horses and horse carriageson their way to market. (para. 2)
This time instead of driving past towns at 55 mph, we would enter quiet PennsylvaniaDutch towns and drive slowly through the main streets, at 20 mph, in order not todisturb the horses and horse carriages on their way to market.
slow: to go at a slower speed
sleepy: (of places) quiet and where nothing much happens; inactive or slow-movingcrowd: (here) to cause the horses and horse carriages to move close together to makeway for us
Cultural note: There were horse carriages because a few Americans belong to a religious group called the Amish, who do not approve of advanced machines in their lives.
10. We admired toy trains and antique cars in county museums and saved 70 percent in factory outlets. (para. 2)
We looked at toy trains and antique cars with pleasure in county museums andshopped with 70 percent off at factory stores.
antique cars: cars made in an earlier period and usually valuable
outlet: a shop/store that sells goods of particular make at reduced prices
11. We stuffed ourselves with spicy salads and homemade bread in an “all-you-can-eat” farmhouse restaurant, then wandered outside to enjoy the sunshine andthe herds of cows—no little dots this time—lying in it. (para. 2)
We had a meal in a farmhouse restaurant where for a certain amount of money youcould eat as much as you wanted, and we fed ourselves with lots of spicy salads andhomemade bread. After the meal, we walked leisurely outdoors to admire the sunshineand watch the herds of cows—this time they did not seem like little dots—lying in thesunshine.
stuff (a space) with sth.: to fill it with sth. or with a quantity of things until it is full e.g. His wallet is always stuffed with coins.
Each time the boy went to see his grandma, she would stuff his pockets withcandy.
Here, the phrase is used humorously, meaning they ate until their stomachswere full.
12. And we returned home refreshed, revitalized and reeducated. (para. 2)When we got home, we not only felt fresh and energetic, but also felt that we hadlearned a lot.
refreshed, revitalized and reeducated: three past participles used as subjectcompliment, denoting the state when the subject “we” were back home againrefresh: to bring back strength and freshness
13. This time, getting there had been the fun. (para. 2)
This time, the trip back home itself was not just half the fun, but the fun—the real pleasure we got out of our week of holidays.
14. Why is it that the featureless turnpikes and interstates are the routes ofchoice for so many of us? Why doesn’t everybody try slowing down and exploringthe countryside? (para. 3)
Why do so many of us choose the uninteresting fast roads when we travel? Why don’twe try driving a bit slowly and travel into the countryside to discover and experiencelife there?
15. But more and more, the fast lane seems to be the only way for us to go. (para. 3)more and more: increasingly, to a steadily increasing extent or degreee.g. When he first arrived, he rejected cheese. But more and more, he has come to like it.
As the day of the exam was approaching, we became more and more nervous.
fast lane: the lane of a motorway used by vehicles traveling fast and going past other vehicles
16. In fact, most Americans are constantly in a hurry—and not just to get fromPoint A to Point B. (para. 3)
In fact, most Americans are always in a rush—not just to get from place to place, but also in many other aspects of life.
17. Our country has become a nation in search of the quick fix—in more waysthan one. (para. 3)
In our country, people are looking for ways of getting things done quickly—in various aspects of life.
in search of: trying to find
fix: (informal) solution to a problem, esp. an easy and temporary onee.g. Don’t expect a quick fix for the financial crisis. —Do you have a quick fix in mind for the leaking? —Yes. Use a green banana.
This sentence, along with the previous one, serves as a transition from the introductionto the body of the essay that analyzes the three ways Americans seek a quick fix.
18. Americans once understood the principle of deferred gratification. (para. 4)Americans were patient to have their desires satisfied. We knew it took time for ourdreams to come true.
once upon a time: a long time in the past
Here, the writer uses the expression humorously and ironically, meaning “actually notlong ago Americans were not so anxious that everything should get done quickly”.
19. We put a little of each paycheck away “for a rainy day.” (para. 4)We saved a little money each time we got paid in case we might need it in the future.for a rainy day: for a (future) time when money may be neededput (money) away: to save money for later use
paycheck: (BrE pay cheque) the amount of wages, salary, etc. a person earns
20. If we wanted a new sofa or a week at a lakeside cabin, we saved up for it, andthe banks helped us out by providing special Christmas Club and Vacation Clubaccounts. (para. 4)
If we wanted to buy some new furniture or spend a week at a lakeside cabin, we couldopen special accounts at the banks to save (money) for it.
lakeside cabin: a small house of simple design and construction at the lakeside where people, esp. a family, go during holidays or at weekends
save (up) for: to keep and add to an amount of money for a particular purpose/later use
e.g. I’m saving (up) for my retirement.
They’re saving up for a trip to Europe/to go to Europe.
help sb. out: to help sb., esp. in a difficult situation/to give sb. help at a time of need, e.g. My parents helped us out when I lost my job.
His relatives always help out on his farm during harvest time.
21. If we lived in the right part of the country, we planted corn and beans and waited patiently for the harvest. (para. 4)
In the past we used to raise some crops if the climate, soil, etc. of where we lived weresuitable. We had the patience to watch them grow until harvest time.
22. If we wanted to be thinner, we simply ate less of our favorite foods andwaited patiently for the scale to drop, a pound at a time. (para. 4)If we wanted to be slimmer, we just cut down on our favorite foods, and waited for ourweight to be reduced bit by bit.
for the scale to drop: (to wait for) the weighing instrument to show that we have lost weight
at a time: separately or in groups of two, three, etc. on each occasion e.g. They were interviewed one at a time.
The boy ran up the stairs two at a time.
Note: Thin is a general word to describe people who have little or no fat on theirbodies. If someone is thin in a pleasant way, we say they are slim or (less common,mostly of women) slender. We could also use lean (= thin in a strong and healthyway). If they are too thin, they are skinny (informal) or underweight.
23. We take out loans instead of making deposits, or we use our credit card to get that furniture or vacation trip—relax now, pay later. (para. 4)
Today, instead of saving up, we borrow from the banks or use our credit card to buythe furniture or make that trip. Our motto has become “relax now, pay later”.take out: to obtain an official document or service, e.g. to take out a loan/an insurancepolicy (保单)/a mortgage (按揭,抵押贷款), etc.
credit card: a small plastic card that you can use to buy goods and services fromshops, travel companies, gas stations, etc. The cost is charged to your account and paidlater.
relax now, pay later: do/buy what we want now, and pay later (先享受,后付钱)
24. We buy our food, like our clothing, ready-made and off the rack. (para. 4)We buy frozen dinner, instant coffee from supermarkets as we buy ready-made clothes.off the rack (AmE)/off the peg (BrE): (of clothes) ready-made, i.e. made to astandard average size and not made esp. to fit you; a rack is a frame from whichclothes are hung; similarly, a peg is a knob from which clothes are hung.
Cultural note: In the United States, many people, especially the younger generation,no longer prepare dinner from scratch. Instead, they go to eat in fast-food restaurantssuch as the McDonald’s, Pizza Hut and Kentucky Fried Chicken. Or they buy frozendinners from supermarkets. What they do when they get home is to put them in theoven or the microwave and wait for them to be ready.
25. And if we’re in a hurry to lose weight, we try the latest miracle diet, guaranteed to take away ten pounds in ten days… unless we’re rich enough to afford liposuction. (para. 4)
If we want to lose weight quickly, we try the most recent miracle diet which is said tobe effective and is sure to make us lose a pound per day. If we are rich enough to payfor the operation, we can have our unneeded fat removed from our bodies.miracle diet: pills containing all we need to maintain life in condensed formCultural note: Liposuction is the surgical withdrawal of excess fat from local areasunder the skin by cutting the skin and drawing the fat out by means of suction (抽吸).It is popular with people who want to get slim quickly.
26. This general impatience, the “I-hate-to-wait” attitude, has infected everylevel of our lives. Instead of standing in line at the bank, we withdraw twentydollars in as many seconds from an automatic teller machine. (para. 5)“I-hate-to-wait” attitude: “I-hate-to-wait” is used as an adjective modifying“attitude”. Linking a phrase or even a short sentence with hyphens is a way of makingnew words
e.g. do-it-yourself/DIY
has infected every level of our lives: we’ve become impatient in every aspect of ourlives, e.g. we want to get a job done quickly, to lose weight quickly, to be servedquickly, etc.
automatic teller machine (ATM): a machine that you use to get money from, esp. outside of a bank
27. Then we take our fast money to a fast convenience store (why wait in line atthe supermarket?), where we buy a frozen dinner all wrapped up and ready to beput into the microwave… unless we don’t care to wait even that long and pick upsome fast food instead. (para. 5)
Note that the writer repeats the word “fast” four times (including the two in the following sentence) to emphasize the general impatience of Americans.
Cultural note: A convenience (food) store in the U.S. (or a corner shop in the U.K.) isa small store, usually but not always on a corner, which may sell almost any smallitems, such as food, cigarettes, alcohol, and other things needed every day.Convenience stores are usually open for longer hours than other stores. In the US suchstores are usually part of a group of stores owned by a company.
pick up: to buy sth., esp. cheaply or by chance
28. And if our fast meal doesn’t agree with us, we hurry to the medicine cabinetfor— you guessed it—some fast relief. (para. 5)
If our fast dinner upsets our stomachs, from a cupboard we get some medicine that canrelieve our disorder instantly.
not agree with sb.: (of food) to make you feel ill/sick e.g. I love seafood, but it doesn’t agree with me.
medicine cabinet: a piece of furniture used for storing the kind of medicine that people frequently use
you guessed it: a parenthesis inserted in the middle of the sentence to suggest that asreaders had had similar experiences, they knew what the writer meant before theycame to the end of the sentence
29. We like fast pictures, so we buy Polaroid cameras. (para. 5)
We can’t wait to get a film developed (probably in just twenty minutes). So we preferPolaroid cameras, which can produce pictures almost the moment we take them.Polaroid camera: a type of camera that uses a special film to produce a finishedphotograph almost immediately after the picture is taken. Polaroid is a trademark.
30. We like fast entertainment, so we record our favorite TV show on the VCR. (para. 5)
VCR: (= video cassette recorder) a machine used for recording TV programs and forplaying videotapes; in Britain, the usual word is “video”. Today they are largelyreplaced by DVDs.
31. We like our information fast, too: messages flashed on a computer screen,documents faxed from your telephone to mine, current events in 90-second burstson Eyewitness News, history reduced to Bicentennial Minutes. (para. 5)For information, we no longer read newspapers, magazines, books, etc., patiently. Wewant to get it fast by skimming through what is offered on the web. Documents arefaxed to one person from another. We are informed of what is happening at home andabroad through TV programs such as Eyewitness News, through which we get verybrief accounts of current events. We learn the history of the past 200 years quicklyfrom Bicentennial Minutes.
minute: (usu. the minutes) a summary of what is said or decided at a formal meeting.In the text, “Bicentennial Minutes” means a very short program with a small amountof information and many short episodes.
32. Symbolically, the American eagle now flies for Express Mail. (para. 5)Express Mail: a delivery service for which the customer pays a surcharge andreceives faster delivery. Express mail service for domestic mail is governed by acountry’s own postal administration. Since 1998 the international fast delivery serviceshas been governed by the EMS (Express Mail Service) Cooperative.the American eagle: the bald eagle used as a symbol for the US as well as for theExpress Mail
33. How dare anyone keep America waiting longer than overnight? (para. 5)This rhetorical question is used to conclude the second part of the body, impressing onthe reader the general impatience of Americans: The slightest delay would make themangry beyond measure.
34. What’s more, we don’t even want all of it. (para. 6)
What’s more important, we not only want to get information fast, but also just want to get a gist of it/a general idea—we no longer want to learn anything thoroughly.
35. Once, we lingered over every word of a classic novel or the latest best seller. (para. 6)
In the past we read a book—either a classic novel or the latest best seller—from page to page, all of it.
linger (over/on): to continue to look at sth./sb. or think about sth. longer than usuale.g. The detective lingered over some cigarette ash on the floor. Her eyes lingered on the girl’s purse; it looked exactly like the one she had lost.
best seller: a product, usually a book, which is bought by large numbers of peoplee.g. His collection of essays is one of the best sellers of the year. Harry Potter was on the best seller list for several weeks.cf. best-selling poet/novel
36. Or we buy the CliffsNotes, especially if we are students, so we don’t have todeal with the book at all. (para. 6)
Or we just read books like the CliffsNotes, especially if we are students who have toworry about papers and exams. With the help of the Notes, we don’t even have to readthe book at all.
Cultural note: The CliffsNotes is a series of reference books written to helpundergraduate students to understand and appreciate important literary works. Itconsists of a chapter-by-chapter detailed summary and comment on the work, criticalcommentary, and essay questions and answers for review. With such notes, thestudents don’t have to read the work itself to be able to write papers and take exams.
37. Once, we listened to every note of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. Today, wedon’t have the time; instead, we can enjoy 26 seconds of that famous “da-da-da-DUM” theme—and 99 other musical excerpts almost as famous—on our GreatestMoments of the Classics CD. (para. 6)
It’s the same with classic musical compositions. We no longer listen from beginning toend. Instead, we buy a CD called Greatest Moments of the Classics and enjoy 100musical classics, in excerpts, including the 26 seconds of the famous “da–da–da–DUM”opening of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony.
38. After all, why waste 45 minutes listening to the whole thing when someoneelse has saved us the trouble of picking out the best parts? (para. 6)This is another rhetorical question.
after all: (here) used to explain sth. or to give a reasonwhen: considering that
save sb. the trouble of doing sth.: to enable sb. to avoid extra effort or worke.g. Shopping on the web saves people the trouble of going out. Fast-food restaurants are popular because they save people the trouble of cooking.
pick out sb./sth.: to choose carefully from a group of people or thingse.g. He picked out the best wine for his parents. She was picked out to speak on behalf of the class.
39. Our magazine articles come to us pre-digested in Reader’s Digest. (para. 6)We read magazine articles that have been condensed by editors. (So what we read isnot the writer’s view but actually the condenser’s understanding of what is said in theoriginal articles.)
digest: to think about and understand the meaning or importance ofpre-digested: put in a form that is simpler and easier to understandReader’s Digest: a popular magazine containing short articles and stories, many ofthem condensed, on different subjects
40. Our news briefings, thanks to USA Today, are more brief than ever. (para. 6)briefing: a meeting in which people are given instructions or information; the detailedinstructions or information that are given at such a meeting
news briefings: 新闻发布会
thanks to: (here used ironically) used to say that sth. has happened because of sb./sth.more brief: briefer (the usual comparative form of the adjective)
41. Even our personal relationships have become compressed. Instead ofdevoting large parts of our days to our loved ones, we replace them withsomething called “quality time”, which, more often than not, is no time at all.(para. 6)
Even our personal relationships are affected. Instead of spending much of our timewith our loved ones, we now talk about giving them full attention in the limited timeafter work. But usually we have no time to do that at all.
devote sth. to sb./sth.: to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to sb./sth.e.g. I think the paper should devote more space to local news. No matter how busy he is, he devotes an hour a day to reading.loved ones: those people you love, esp. your family
replace sth./sb. (with sth./sb.): to start using another thing or person instead of the one you are using now
e.g. They want to replace their old computer with a new one. I don’t want to replace Ms. Wang with anyone less experienced.quality time: time spent with, for example, one’s children when one is relaxed andhad got nothing to do. This is supposed to be good for parent and child, esp. becausethe parent is at work for most of the day
e.g. She regards her hour with her daughter at bedtime as quality time. more often than not: usually
e.g. Whenever I make a request, more often than not, my parents reject it. More often than not, the couple dine out in Chinese restaurants.
42. As we rush from book to music to news item to relationship, we do not realizethat we are living our lives by the iceberg principle—paying attention only to thetop and ignoring the 8/9 that lies just below the surface. (para. 6)
When we rush through books, music, news items and relationship, we are payingattention to the surface and will never get into the heart of anything.
iceberg principle: icebergs float with only about 1/9 (or 1/10) of their bulk above the surface of the water; therefore the much larger part is out of sight.
43. When did it all begin, this urge to do it now, to get it over with, to skim the surface of life? (para. 7)
When did this quick fix lifestyle/attitude toward life begin?The introductory “it” stands for “this urge to do it now…”, which summarizes thethree ways Americans seek a quick fix.
get it over with: to get it done
skim the surface: (figuratively) to deal with sth. superficially, not going deeper
44. Why are we in such a hurry to save time? And what are we going to do with all the time we save besides, of course, rushing out to save some more time? (para. 7)
As we’re constantly in a hurry, we lose sight of our purpose for such a rush. It seems that we save time for the sake of saving more time.
45. Don’t get me wrong. (para. 8) Don’t be offended by what I’ve said.
get sb. wrong: (spoken) to not understand correctly what sb. means cf. get sth. wrong: to not understand a situation correctly
46. I’m not saying we should go back to growing our own vegetables or makingour own clothes. (para. 8)
I’m not suggesting that we should again start producing or making everything we need by ourselves.
go back to sth.: to start doing sth. again that you stopped doinge.g. When her son started school, she decided to go back to work. He went back to teaching after ten years of successful law practice.
47. I’m not even advocating a mass movement to cut all our credit cards intolittle pieces. (para. 8)
I’m not even advising people to reject using credit cards.
48. But I am saying that all of us need to think more seriously about putting thebrakes on our “we-want-it-all-and-we-want-it-now” lifestyle before we speedcompletely out of control. (para. 8)
But what I do want to say is this: Before we go too far/it’s too late, all of us need tothink seriously about changing our lifestyle of seeking a quick fix in our lives.speed completely out of control: to get completely out of control
be/get/run, etc. out of control: to be or become impossible to manage or control
49. Let’s take the time to read every word of that story, hear every note of thatmusic, and enjoy every subtle change of that countryside. (para. 8)
Let’s use the time we save to read a story carefully, hear a music composition from beginning to end, enjoy every bit of the beauty the countryside offers.
50. Let’s rediscover life in the slow lane. (para. 8)
Let’s find the joys of life again when we are not going about our business in a rush.

