Detailed Discussion of Text A
1. They are doing the dishes, his wife washing while he dried. (para. 1)
To do the dishes means to wash the dishes. Pay attention to these verb + nouncollocations.
More examples from the text:
to call sb.’s name; to mop the floor; to dry the dishes; to wipe the table; todemonstrate the difference; to take a breath; to win the argument; to spray thesilverware; to pinch one’s brows; to bite one’s lower lip.
Students should be encouraged to list such collocations from each text. Refresh students’ memory of the use of adjectives as verbs
e.g. to empty one’s pockets; to wet one’s lips; to narrow the gap; to dirty one’s hands;
to clear the street; to clean the room; to long for the vacation; to busy oneselfwith sth.; to thin out the corn; to calm down; to cool down; to warm one’s handsover the fire; to smooth things over; to dry one’s tears
2. Unlike most men he knew, he really pitched in on the housework. (para. 1)Do not mix up “unlike” and “dislike”. The former is the opposite of the preposition“like” while the latter is the opposite of the verb or noun of “like”.More examples:
Unlike many young people of his background, he hates the attention he is givenbecause of his father.
Unlike the United States, Japan largely relies on bank loans for its capital needs. Unlike many other government officials, he is neither corrupt nor corruptible.pitch in: to offer help and support
housework: domestic duties such as cleaning and cooking (not to be confused with “homework”)
3. A few months earlier he’d overheard a friend of his wife’s congratulating heron having such a considerate husband. (para. 1) Review the verb pattern: verb + (pro)noun + doing sth.
More examples:
I overheard the young couple quarreling last night.
She overheard the men discussing their plan to rob a bank.congratulate sb. on doing sth.: give sb. one’s good wishes when sth. special orpleasant has happened to them
e.g. They all congratulated me on winning the first prize. When I grew older, I realized that I really should have congratulated myself on having such a poor but loving father.
considerate: thoughtful; kind; careful not to hurt or cause inconvenience to others
4. … somehow got onto the subject of whether white people should marryblack people. (para. 2)
somehow: in some way (I don’t remember how it happened)e.g. That day somehow I didn’t feel like eating. We went to Wangfujing together the other day and somehow I couldn’t find him anywhere.
get on(to): to begin to discuss
whether white people should marry black people: whether it is advisable or a good idea for white people to marry black people. “Should” here does not mean “must”.
5. He said that all things considered, he thought it was a bad idea. (para. 2)all things considered: when one considers every aspect of the problem or situatione.g. All things considered, he is doing pretty well at school. (Under these condition
she is doing quite well.)
All things considered, the reform is a success. (There are many problems ofcourse.)
6. Sometimes his wife got this look where she pinched her brows together and bit her lower lip. (para. 4)
“Where” here is used as a relative adverb introducing an attributive clause which modifies the word “look”.
Compare:
He went to a school, which was very far from where he lived.He went to school where he learned many interesting things.I saw a movie last night which was real junk.
I saw a movie last night where there was a lot of violence.
pinch her brows together: to contract or squeeze her eyebrows; to frown
7. … and I’ve worked with blacks and we’ve always gotten along just
fine.(para.6)
Notice how the man tried to show that he was not a racist. The man of course was byno means the worst kind of racist. In fact, he would be considered quite liberal. But itis precisely the fact that even decent people are deeply influenced that shows theseriousness of the matter.
gotten: past participle of “get” in American English
8. I don’t need you coming along now and implying that I’m a racist. (para. 6) Here, “you coming along…” is the complex object of the verb “need”.
9. I just don’t see what’s wrong with a white person marrying a black person,that’s all. (para. 7)
Here’s another example of a complex object (a white person marrying…) to a preposition (with).
More examples:
What’s wrong with peasants coming to big cities to look for jobs?
What’s wrong with people demanding to know how their taxes are being spent?
10. They don’t come from the same culture. (para. 8)
As racial discrimination based on color differences is now totally discredited, todaymany people try to justify their prejudices by cultural differences.
11. That’s okay with me. I like hearing them talk. (para. 8)That’s okay with me: I have no objection to that.
12. Like you know me? (para. 11)
In informal English, “like” is often used as a conjunction (= as or as if). More examples:
Like I said, I can’t get there by 5 p.m.
Do you speak to children like you speak to adults?
13. Oh boy, he thought. (para. 14)
“Oh boy” is used often in American English when someone is slightly annoyed. The man was annoyed because his wife was determined to pursue the argument.
14. Don’t take my word for it. Look at the statistics. (para. 14) You don’t have to accept what I say as true. Look at the statistics.
take sb.’s word for it: (spoken) used to say that sb. should accept what you say as true e.g. Take my word for it. This boy is going to have a bright future.
You can take my word for it. I will never let you down.
15. She was piling dishes on the drain-board at a terrific rate. Many of them were still greasy… (para. 15)
at a terrific rate: at a great speed. “Rate” means “speed” as also in “growth rate”.greasy: covered with grease (animal fat softened by cooking or heating) as in
~ food; ~ dishes; ~ skin; ~ hair; ~ fingers
16. “Yes, different,” he snapped, angry with her for resorting to this trick ofrepeating his words so that they sounded hypocritical. (para. 18)snap: to say sth. quickly and angrily resort to this trick: to adopt this method “Trick” is often sth. you do to deceive or outwit.
17. … and threw all the silverware back into the sink. (para. 18)
“Ware” means manufactured goods. It is often used to form compound words such as: silverware; ironware; software; hardware; glassware; earthenware; ovenware
Compare: warehouse
18. She stared down at it, her lips pressed tight together, then plunged her hands under the surface. (para. 19)
She stared down at it, with her lips pressed tight…“Pressed” here is past participle and “tight” modifies “lips”.plunge: to cause sth. to fall suddenly and with forcee.g. The fish plunged deep into the water.
This scandal plunged the government into a serious crisis.
19. He ran upstairs to the bathroom and rummaged in the medicine chest for alcohol, cotton, and a Band-Aid. (para. 20)
rummage: to search for sth. by moving things around in a careless wayIt is usually used in the following patterns: to rummage in a place for sth.; torummage through a place for sth.; to rummage around
20. … (he) dabbed at her thumb with the cotton. (para. 20)dab: to touch sth. lightly, usually several times
It is usually used in the following patterns: to dab at a certain place (e.g. a bleeding lip)with sth.; to dab sth. on/onto somewhere
21. He hoped that she appreciated how quickly he had come to her aid. (para. 21)come to her aid: to come to help her
Also: to come to our rescue; to come to rescue us
22. He’d acted out of concern for her, he thought that it would be a nice gestureon her part not to start up that conversation again … (para. 21)The man had shown concern for his wife, and he hoped that his wife would show herconcern in return by not continuing this unpleasant conversation.Refresh students’ memory of “out of concern”.
out of: because of
e.g. I just followed the crowd out of curiosity.
The job was not very well paid. She took it just out of interest. I really have no excuse. I did it out of carelessness and stupidity.
23. “So,” she said, “you wouldn’t have married me if I’d been black.” (para. 25)Help the students review this pattern by asking them to respond to questions like thefollowing:
He knew there was a burglar in the house, but he was alone and unarmed. Nowwhat would you have done if you had been in that situation?
He discovered a bag of gold. Do you know what he did with it? What would youhave done if you had found so much money?
If you had been in Tangshan that night, what would you have done the moment
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you realized that it was an earthquake?
24. “For Christ’s sake, Ann!” (para. 26)
“For Christ’s sake” is often used to express annoyance, like “Oh boy”. The man was really upset that his wife wouldn’t stop.
25. The only black girl I ever knew was my partner in the debating club. (para. 28)Students should remember that “debating” here is a gerund used as the attributive of“club”.
More examples:
rinsing nozzle; reading materials; teaching methods; eating habits; running shoes;hiding place; sewing machine
Note: Sometimes such kind of noun phrases become compound words (with or without a hyphen): sitting-room, sleeping-pills, dining-car.
There is a subtle difference between these noun phrases and phrases modified bypresent participles. “A sleeping beauty” for example is a beauty that is sleeping. It isdifferent from “sleeping-pill” because the pill is not sleeping.
26. “Then you probably would have been going out with a black guy.” He pickedup the rinsing nozzle and sprayed the silverware. (para. 30)
More examples for the pattern “would have been doing sth.” in the subjunctive mood:
If it had not been for his help, my father would still have been begging in the street.
If he had not hit upon this idea, he would still have been living on governmentrelief.
27. “Let’s say I am black and unattached,” she said … (para. 31)let’s say: let us suppose
unattached: still single or unmarried; not engaged; without a regular companion
28. … this is stupid. (para. 32)
“This” here refers to the whole argument.
29. There was no possible way of arguing with the fact that she would not be herself if she were black. (para. 32)
What follows the word “fact” is an appositive clause which explains what the “fact” is,rather than modifying it like in attributive clauses. Nouns that are often used tointroduce such appositive clauses are: reason, fact, idea, view, decision, etc.Ask students to complete the following sentences:
What do you think of the idea that ?How do you explain the fact that ?What is the reason (why) ? Do you accept the view that ?
30. He had won the argument but he still felt cornered. (para. 34)corner: to get a person into a position from which it is hard to escape. Here, it means“to put a person into a difficult situation”.
31. “Let’s not move too fast on this,” he said. (para. 40)
Don’t let us rush to a decision. I have to think carefully before I give you an answer.
32. “Since you put it that way—” (para. 42)
Since you make it a yes or no question— / Since you ask your question so bluntly—
33. She said “Thank you,” and walked from the kitchen into the living room. (para. 45)
Thank you: Thank you for telling me the truth. This polite expression actually shows her mounting anger.
34. … but she didn’t snap through the pages the way he would have done. (para. 45)
snap through the pages: to turn the pages suddenly, making short and sharp noises Ask students to observe the following uses of the word “snap”:
He snapped two twigs off a tree and used them as chopsticks.She snapped her briefcase shut and left angrily.I only told him that a certain Miss Li had called and he snapped at me for noreason.
He only stayed long enough to snap a few pictures.
At first I treated it as a joke, but then I suddenly snapped.
35. While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (para. 47)Since he was doing the dishes, he might as well mop the floor.be at it: to be in a continuous state or activity
e.g. be at war; be at work; be at peace
36. When he was done the kitchen looked new, the way it looked when they were first shown the house. (para. 47)
When he was done: When he had finished
e.g. When you are done with the book, pass it on to Chen.In the relative clauses following such nouns as “way”, “reason”, “time”, “day”, therelative adverbs are usually omitted,
e.g. I don’t like the way (how) he talks to people.
I don’t know the reason (why) she turned down that offer.Do you remember the time (when) we went to Huashan together?The day (when) I went to school, I was both excited and scared.
37. The night was clear and he could see a few stars to the west, where the lights of the town didn’t blur them out. (para. 48)
The night was clear: The night was starry, no clouds, no mist, no smoke.Ask students to translate the following phrases with the word “clear”: clear water; clear air; clear meanings; clear situation; clear case; clear sky; clear picture; clear head; clear example; clear view; clear conscienceCompare:
The street is clean. (no garbage; not dirty)The street is clear. (no traffic; not blocked)
38. In another thirty years or so they would both be dead. What would all that stuff matter then? (para. 48)
In another thirty years or so they would both be dead. So what’s the sense of arguing about these problems?
The use of the word “another” here seems to suggest that they must have beenmarried for about thirty years. Therefore in another thirty years they would both be intheir late eighties, assuming they were married in their late twenties. This shows thattheirs obviously was not one of those little harmless arguments between a younghusband and wife. It concerned a matter of principle to Ann, who must have been avery serious idealistic person.
39. He thought of the years they had spent together, and how close they were,and how well they knew each other, and his throat tightened so that he couldhardly breathe. (para. 48)
Call students’ attention to the uses of the three and’s again. (The first two mean “in addition” whereas the last one means “as a result”.)
The man seemed to be happy with the marriage, and was ready to humor his wife.
40. I’ll make it up to you. (para. 49)
make it up to sb.: to do sth. good for sb. because you feel responsible for sth. bad that happened between you
e.g. I can’t take you to the park today, son. I’m sorry, but I will make it up to you
next week when I am not so busy.
Compare this to “make it up with sb.”, which is different in meaning:
I had a little quarrel with my sister last night, but I made it up with her soon. (or: … we soon made it up)
41. …he knew that he had to come up with the right answer. (para. 51)…he knew that he had to give the right answer. It is clear that the man was merelytrying to make peace with his wife. It does not mean that he has realized his mistake.come up with: to think of (an idea, plan, suggestion or reply)
42. “We’ll see,” she said. (para. 52)
This expression is used in spoken English when you do not want to make a decisionright now. Ann said this to show that she refused to be convinced this time.
43. Finally he heard the bathroom door open and close. (para. 53)
We don’t know what Ann was doing. One thing was clear though. She found it difficult to share the same bed with someone who had such repulsive views.
44. “All right,” he said. He lay there, but nothing happened. (para. 57)When Ann told her husband to turn off the light, she made him feel that she hadforgiven him and would soon join him. But “nothing happened”. She didn’t come tobed.
45. His heart pounded the way it had on their first night together, the way it stilldid when he woke at a noise in the darkness and waited to hear it again—thesound of someone moving through the house, a stranger. (para. 57)
Now we know that actually in all these years they were married, the man had also often felt that he did not really know his wife; she was still a “stranger” to him.

