I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.The public schools are administered by local school boards — groups of people elected by the voters.

2.Almost every kind of climate may be found, but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone.

3.If a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we.

4. The whole system of American government is based on the principles established in the Constitution and Bill of Right.

5. We both believe that through vigilance and strength, in your words, a war can be postponed, and in our words, war can be avoided.

6.It is said that the new president is going to pay a visit to the refugee camp.

7. It must be pointed out that mistakes of this kind should not be repeated.

8.Science is often referred to as a double-edged sword, increasing our wealth and comfort while leaving people in fear of potential dangers like human cloning.

9. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.

10.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change, growth and innovation are the norm.

11.Cambridge University has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Byron, Milton and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind.

12.Opposition to genetically modified foods had come mostly from rich Western countries, whose people had more than enough to eat.

13.The idea that family is the traditional unit of society is challenged by American youth who are increasingly turning down marriage.

14.The trend of home working is surging in the field of finance where trading can be done via the Internet.

15.Today’s Japan is totally different from the Japan of five decades ago, particularly in social attitudes, which have strayed from traditional Asian values.

16.The US, which led the way in the first phase of the Internet evolution, is still a mighty presence on Global 100.

17.The people believe that the government should provide a framework of law and order in which they are left free to run their own lives.

18.I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry, and soon the news spread all over the campus.

19.Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to developments is Europe and in the Atlantic community, which are so instrumental to the maintenance of peace and security in our part of the world.

20.So, let us, in these next five days, start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, free from outside interference or domination.

II. Translate the following long sentences into Chinese.

1.Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.

2.In August 1974 the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecasts.

3.With a view to successfully maintaining a balanced system implemented by a basically even distribution of Federal resources, Federal financial aid is given only if a state has acceptable standards of administration.

4.So it was that the farm poor were caught in their own past, the double victims of technology exile from their home by advances in agricultural machinery; unfitted for life in the city because of the consequences of industrial mechanization.

5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.

6.We have already seen the effect of this in Congress, where party plays a relatively minor role in the majority of issues and where, almost without exception, a large percent of each party is found on each side of issues on which there are differences of opinion.

7.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

8.Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with one’s own hands.

9.Better roads and better vehicles induced the wealthier classes to live in the suburbs of the cities. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards, concentrating manufacturing activity, business, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities, but pushing the homes outward even at the cost of the discomfort of commuting.

10.I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.

11.A downside of the market slump is that getting your hands on an affordable property is becoming increasingly difficult as builders are laid off and supply shrinks.

12.The automobile has brought many changes in American life---for example, the remarkable growth of the suburbs in the past 25 years as many people who work in the cities now enjoy country living because of good roads and the ease of commuting by automobile. Heavy use of the nation’s highways has created a demand for roadside businesses of various kinds, including outdoor movie theaters, where audiences watch films from their automobiles and convenient roadside hotels known as “motels”.

13.The man in the street scarcely realizes that many forms of business, some major industries, and one or two minor professions could be completely abolished without gravely injuring American society; whereas the disappearance or even what we see in some quarters, the continuous neglect and degradation of the teaching profession must mean a disaster to the entire nation.

14.The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.

15.Only rarely does a coherent picture emerge; in a sense coherence must be imposed on events by the decision maker, who seizes the challenge and turns it into opportunity by assessing correctly both the circumstances and his margin for creative action.

III. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.

1. Essentially, the college students are doing the same things when they are selling something of little worth and when they are selling themselves in the society. That is because we are inspired in the same way: how can the universities or colleges give the students a good direction of the market so that the students can run their own business under the help of their universities and colleges? In addition, how can the universities and colleges make the students, the products of the schools, more popular in the market in that process? After all, no universities or colleges can avoid close if they cannot make their students competitive enough in the market.

2.On Leadership

What is leadership?

Its qualities are difficult to define. But they are not so difficult to identify.

Leaders don't force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get commitment from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that encourages creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.

Leaders demand much of others, but also give much of themselves. They are ambitious -- not only for themselves, but also for those who work with them. They seek to attract, retain and develop other people to their full abilities.

Leaders know that when there are two opinions on an issue, one is not bound to be wrong. They recognize that hustle and rush are the allies of superficiality. They are open to new ideas, but they explore their ramifications thoroughly.

Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future -- not wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of what's already there. They want to move forward to create something new.

Leadership is all about getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they're supposed to.

A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to get. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is returned. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.