To state a cause and then mention or predict the effects.

More and more fertile land is taken up by new buildings.

effects:

 the reduction of the grain output

increasing environmental problems

congestion

too many peasants lost their jobs

To state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes.

In the past few years, higher education has become less important to young people than it was previously.

causes:

the pressure of fierce competition

better opportunities in the job market

much of the knowledge taught in universities and colleges being out-dated

Study the following information, and write C if it is a statement of CAUSE or E if it is a statement of EFFECT.

1.Topic: Music in the United States

①Popular music showed a definite change in the 1950s—a movement away from the big band sound .

②Teenagers became more affluent and thus had the money to buy records.

③The black population finally had the money in the 1950s to support the singers and musicians they had preferred for years.

④A large proportion of the adult white population that had been poor during the depression began to rebel against the sounds of the big band musicians.

⑤The new affluence of groups of people who had previously had littele money to spend on entertainment paved the way for the emergence of gospel, blues, and rock music.

2. Topic: Tornados

①Tornados are formed when warm, moist air spreads northward, meeting with cold air flowing from the north and west above it.

②The meeting of cold and warm air starts the characteristic circular motion.

③The circular motion quickly builds up and becomes forceful enough to tear buildings apart and uproot trees.

④Not only are tornados able to move huge objects but they also occasionally do odd things, such as stripping a chicken of its feathers quickly.