Construction  project are born  from ideas. For an idea to be realized, it must be translated into graphic form（图形格式）, which in turn must be transformed into a finished product. The idea is defined by the owner, developed by the designer, and produced by the constructor, who then turns it over to the owner.

At first glance（乍一看）, the roles seem simple to define: the owner is the  one with  the deep pockets, the designer is the expert, and the constructor is the guy with the pickup truck（皮卡） and the backhoe(反铲车）. At a closer look, their roles are more complex and interesting.

 ★Owner（业主）

Owners can be individuals who want to have a larger house for their growing families, or a developer（开发商） working to make money . Whatever the motivation, however, the owner is where the project is born.  After identifying the need, the owners’ most important function is to financially back（金融支持） the project. The source of financing partly defines the type of the owner.  Owners include Public owner, private owner and  owner representative.

Public owner （公共业主）

Such as government agencies. They use the public money and represent the public interest, so they must follow specific methods of managingthe projects. Public approval processes have to be figured into schedule and budget.

Some publicly funded projects are managed by private organizations such as universities or hospitals. The funding of these projects often combines public funding or loans with private money for some or all of the construction. Thus, institutional（机构的） owners may need to comply with（遵守） public agency requirements while managing the pressures of private oversight boards（私人监督委员会）.

Private owner（私人业主）

 They use their own money and are responsible for themselves. A developer is a special type owner who often owns the project only for the duration of construction. They make money either through a quick sale or long-term rentals（租赁）.  

Owner representative（业主代表）

They are usually found in large organization and institutions, such as schools, universities, and hospitals.

Facility managers（设施经理） are the most common professional owner representative. Their job is to understandthe goals and objectives of their organization and ensure that the facilities are planned to support them.Organization without large in-house departments often hire outside consultants to manage construction projects.

A building committee（建设委员会）is another form of owner representation. It often consists of users, financial backers（资金提供方）and sometimes community residents（社区居民）. 

Discussion