11-4 Flag船籍
Fly a specific country
The extension of the registered country
Abide by the law and regulations of the registered country and pay taxes
When conflict ,the registered country’s naval force will protect the vessel
With a few exception the owner can choose the flags
The flags of developed countries
High taxation
Substantial regulations on the way the ship is operated
Composition of the crew on board( its minimum trainingrequirement, its nationality)
The work rule on board
The vacation time earned by the crew
Taxation of developing countries is minimum
30% higher than in developing countries
America /34 persons/＄13300 per day
Developing countries 24/ ＄ 1400
Open registry开放船籍登记
Open registry means that any ship owner can choose to have its vessel fly this flag, no requirement regarding the citizenship of the owner of the ships
Flag of convenience方便旗(指商船为逃避税收而向别国注册并挂该国旗帜)
A country with an open registry that has lower taxes and more lenient on-board regulations than other countries with open registry
方便旗船（Flagof Convenience）是指在外国登记、悬挂外国国旗并在国际市场上进行营运的船舶。
海运较发达的国家和地区如美国、希腊、日本、香港和韩国的船东选择方便旗因为：
以图逃避国家重税和军事征用
自由制订运价不受政府管制
自由处理船舶与运用外汇
自由雇佣外国船员以支付较低工资
降低船舶标准以节省修理费用
降低营运成本以增强竞争力等。
The main open registry countries
Liberia （利比里亚）、Panama（巴拿马）、Cyprus（塞浦路斯）、Singapore （新加坡）、Hahamas（巴哈马）Bermuda（百慕大）等国。 to increase their income
Secondary registry第二船籍登记制度
A response by developed countries to the threat of open registries and flags of convenience they created a secondary registry with lower on board-standards and taxes to entice ship owners to carry their flag and not defect to flag of convenience countries
Norway, Denmark and France
Flag of convenience doesn’t influence the seaworthiness of the vessel ,which is evaluated by the Classification societies船级社，船舶定级机构and determines the insurance premiums
Classification Society
从事船舶检验的机构。通常为民间组织。中国从事船舶检验的部门为政府的一个部门。世界上最早的船级社是1760年成立的英国劳氏船级社。此后航运发达的国家相继成立了船级社，并在世界主要港口设立分支机构，如美国船舶局、挪威船级社、法国船级社和日本海事协会等。船级社主要业务是对新造船舶进行技术检验，合格者给予船舶的各项安全设施并授给相应证书；根据检验业务的需要，制定相应的技术规范和标准；受本国或他国政府委托，代表其参与海事活动。有的船级社也接受陆上工程设施的检验业务。
AmericanBureau of Shipping 美国船级社。参见A.B.S.
BureauVeritas 法国船级社。缩写为B.V.。
DetNorske Veritas 挪威船级社。缩写为D.N.V.
GermanischerLloyd 德国船级社。缩写为G.L.
Lloyd’sRegister of Shipping 劳埃德船级社。英国船级社。世界最早成立的船级社。它的船舶登记包含了世界范围约83,000条商船的详细资料。
NipponKaiji Kyokai 日本船级社。缩写为N.K.K.
Registro Italiano Navale 意大利船级社。缩写为R.I.N.A。
韩国船级社缩写：KR
英国劳氏协会缩写：LR
China 中国船级社。缩写为C.C.S.。
Countries attempt to influence the flags of the ship by preventing carrying certain cargo
The Cargo Preference Act requires that 50% of the US government cargo should becarried by the American registered ships
The Jones Act (even from the west coast to Hawaii)
“琼斯法案”
禁止外国船只从事美国本土贸易。为了能够在两个美国港口之间运送货物，船舶必须满足以下条件：
第一、在美国注册，悬挂美国国旗
第二、所有船员都必须是美国公民
第三、船舶所有权属于美国公司
第四、船舶必须是在美国建造的
第五、船舶必须在美国船坞进行大修
在这一法案的限制下，就算是在美国注册的船舶，只要不满足其它任何一项条件，那它也只能从事本土之外的海上贸易活动。
The reason for Americanships use “flag of convenience”
Government compensate the owners choosing the stars-and-strips to the tune of ＄2.1 million per year per vessel
The reason is purely military not economical
Becauseof the geographic situation ,in case of need ,the government may requisitionall merchant ships registered with the US flag under the subsidy system
Maersk and APL choose to use American flag
