10-2 Insurance Glossary

•Average（海损）: a loss incurred on an ocean voyage by cargo owner .It  can be further qualified as General Average or as a Particular Average.

货主在海上运输中发生的损失，该损失可以进一步细分为共同海损或者单独海损。

     General Average

A loss incurredon an ocean voyage that is general in the sense it involve all of the cargoowners on board.

     Particular Average

A partial lossincurred by a cargo owner on an ocean voyage

•Barratry（船长及船员的恶意行为损失）:

  an act of disobedience or willful misconduct by the captain or the crew of a ship that causes damage to the ship or the cargo.

船长或者船员采取的违规行为或者故意的不正当行为给货物或者船只造成的损失。

•Hazard（灾害）:

A situationthat increase the probability of a perils and therefore of a loss。

一种增加了发生危害的可能性从而导致损失的发生。

•Perils（危害）: 

the event that brings about a loss

带来损失的事件。

Risk（风险）:

the chance or the probability of a loss.

发生损失的可能性或者概率。

1. Speculative risk 投机风险

2. Pure risk纯粹风险

3. Objective risk 客观风险
   

4. Subjective risk 主管风险
   

•Jettison（弃货）:

The act of throwing overboard part of the cargo of a ship（ or the fuel of an airplane) in an attempt to lighten the ship.

为了减轻船只或飞机重量而将一部分货物(或者飞机的燃料）扔出舱外的行为。