Unit 11 Foundations

词汇

1. cap 柱帽

2. combined footing 联合基础

3. differential settlement  不均匀沉降

4. grid foundation 交叉条形基础

5. joint 接缝

6. mat/raft foundation 筏形基础

7. pile foundation 桩基础

8. property line 地界线

9. punching shear冲切力

10. sloped footing锥形基础

11. spread footing扩展基础

12. stepped or pedestal footing 阶梯形基础

13. strip footing 条形基础

14. box foundation箱形基础

句子

1. 如果上部土层的承载力在采用扩展基础时不足够，但是在更深的位置有更坚固地层，可用桩将荷载传至那些更深的地层。

If the bearing capacity of the upper soil layers is insufficient for a spread foundation, but firmer strata are available at greater depth, piles are used to transfer the loads to these deeper strata.

2. 沉降量取决于很多因素，例如土体类型，荷载集中程度，埋置深度和基础类型。

The amount of settlement depends on many factors, such as the type of soil, the load intensity, the depth below ground level, and the type of foundation.

3. 对于可压缩土，可采用一阶近似假定（线性假定），即，给定地点的变形或沉降和该地点所承受的压力成正比。

For compressible soils, it can be assumed in first approximation that the deformation or settlement of the soil at given location and the bearing pressure at that location are proportional to each other.