本节主要讲授与基础类型(Types of foundation)相关的专业词汇、关键语法、复杂复合句的理解与翻译。

    (1) 桩基础 (Pile foundation)

    (2) 扩展基础 (Spread foundation)

    (3) 独立柱 (Single column foundation)

    (4) 联合基础 (Combined foundation)

    (5) 条形基础 (Strip foundation)

    (6) 筏板基础 (Mat or raft foundation)

【选择题】

    1.For structures with heavy loads relative to soil capacity, a                may prove economical.

(A) combined footing; (B) spread foundation; (C) grid foundation; (D) mat foundation.

    2. For walls, a     B       is a slab wider than the wall and extending the length of the wall

(A) combined footing;                        (B) spread foundation; 

(C) grid foundation;                          (D) mat foundation.

【简答题】

1. How many foundation types are there?

【词汇英译汉】

1. pile foundation

2. spread foundation

3. Single column foundation

4. combined foundation

5. property line

6. mat/raft foundation

7. inverted beam-and-girder floor

【答案】

1. 桩基础

2. 扩展基础

3. 独立柱基础

4. 联合基础 

5. 建筑红线

6. 筏板基础

7. 倒交梁楼板

【句子汉译英】

1. 当两根柱子非常近，以至于它们的地基会合并或几乎接触到时，就应该在这两根柱子下面建立一个联合基础。

2. 实际上，它可以使结构漂浮在土壤上，由于它的刚度，可以忽略不均匀沉降。

【答案】

1. When two columns are so close that their foundations would merge or nearly touch, a combined foundation extending under the two should be constructed.

2. In effect, it enables the structure to float on the soil, and because of its rigidity it permits negligible differential settlement.