本节主要讲授与基础概念相关的专业词汇、关键语法、复杂复合句的理解与翻译。

    (1) 基础的定义 (Definition of foundation)

    (2) 基础的不均匀沉降 (Differential settlement of foundations )

    (3) 施工缝 (Joint)

【选择题】

1. If the bearing soil capacity is different under different foundations—for example, if the foundations of a building are partly on soil and partly on rock—a     settlement will occur.

(A) different;  (B)  differential; (C) identical; (D) same

【简答题】

1. How do foundations transmit and distribute their loads to the soil?

2. What are the factors affecting the amount of foundation settlement?

【词汇英译汉】

1. differential settlement

2. overturning

3. slipping

4. load intensity

5. joint

【答案】

1. 不均匀沉降

2. 倾覆

3. 滑移

4. 荷载强度

5. 接缝

【句子汉译英】

1. 沉降量取决于很多因素，例如土体类型，荷载集中程度，埋置深度和基础类型。

2. 如果所施加荷载的合力与承重面积的质心不重合，就会产生弯曲力矩。

【答案】

1. The amount of settlement depends on many factors, such as the type of soil, the load intensity, the depth below ground level, and the type of foundation.

2. If the resultant of the applied loads does not coincide with the centroid of the bearing area, a bending moment develops.