本节主要讲授与钢筋混凝土柱的类型相关的专业词汇、关键语法、复杂复合句的理解与翻译。

    (1) 按荷载分为 (Based on loading)

       ① 轴心受压柱 (Axially loaded columns)

       ② 偏心受压柱 (Eccentrically loaded columns)

       ③ 双向偏心受压柱 (Biaxially loaded columns)

    (2) 按柱长分为 (Based on length)

       ① 短柱 (Short columns or stocky columns)

       ② 长柱 (Long columns or slender columns)

    (3) 按箍筋分为 (Based on lateral reinforcement)

       ① 配有纵筋和箍筋的柱

          (Columns reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties)

       ② 配有纵筋和螺旋箍筋的柱

          (Columns reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous spirals)

       ③ 组合受压柱 (Composite compression members)

    (4) 箍筋的作用(Role of lateral reinforcement)

【选择题】

1.      C       loaded columns, where the loads are applied at any point on the column section, causing moments about both the x axis and y axis simultaneously.

(A) Axially;    (B) Eccentrically;  (C) Biaxially;   (D) None.

2.     A    , where the column’s failure is due to the crushing of concrete or due to the yielding of the steel bars under the full load capacity of the column.

(A) Short columns;  (B) Long columns;    (C) Slender columns;  (D)None.

【简答题】

1. Which types are columns classified based on lateral reinforcement?

【词汇英译汉】

1. axially loaded column

2. centroid

3. eccentrically loaded column

4. biaxially loaded column

5. longitudinal bars

6. lateral ties

7. continuous spirals

【答案】

1. 轴压柱

2. 形心

3. 单轴偏压柱

4. 双轴偏压柱

5. 纵筋

6. 箍筋

7. 螺旋筋

【句子汉译英】

1. 长柱（细长柱），即存在压曲效应并且在设计中必须考虑长细比，这将使长柱的承载能力较短柱小。

2. 柱中的主要钢筋是纵向的，平行于荷载方向，由方形、矩形或圆形排列的钢筋组成。

【答案】

1. Long columns (slender columns), where the buckling effect and the slenderness ratio must be taken into consideration in the design, thus reducing the load capacity of the column relative to that of a short column.

2. The main reinforcement in columns is longitudinal, parallel to the direction of the load, and consists of bars arranged in a square, rectangular, of circular pattern.