本节主要讲授与实腹式受压构件承载力相关的专业词汇、关键语法、复杂复合句的理解与翻译。

    (1) 受压构件采用的截面形式(Structural shapes used in compression members)

        ① 双轴对称(doubly symmetric)

        ② 单轴对称(singly symmetric)

        ③ 非对称(unsymmetric)

    (2) 受压构件的承载力(Resistance of cross-section of compression members)

        ① 压溃荷载(Squash load)

        ② 构件整体失稳(Member overall buckling)

        ③ 板件局部失稳(Plate local buckling)

    (3) 初始缺陷对承载力的影响(effects of initial imperfections on resistance)

        ① 几何缺陷(Geometric imperfection)

           初弯曲(initial out-of-straightness); 初偏心(initial eccentricity)

        ② 力学缺陷(Mechanical imperfection)

           残余应力(residual stress)

【选择题】

1. If the member is so slender that the stress just before buckling is below the proportional limit, that is the member is still        .

(A) elastic;  (B) Plastic;  (C) elastoplastic  (D) ductile.

2. Which of the followings is mechanical imperfection of steel members?            

(A) initial out-of-straightness; (B) initial eccentricity; (C) residual stress; (D) initial crookedness.

【简答题】

1. Which assumptions are the Euler equations are based on?

【词汇英译汉】

1. bracing

2. doubly symmetric

3. singly symmetric\

4. pinned column

5. overall buckling

6. local buckling

7. critical state

8. equilibrium equation

9. Euler load

10. geometrical imperfection

【答案】

1. 支撑

2. 双轴对称

3. 单轴对称

4. 铰支柱

5. 整体屈曲

6. 局部屈曲

7. 临界状态

8. 平衡方程

9. 欧拉临界力

10. 几何缺陷

【句子汉译英】

1. 当临时的横向荷载移除时，荷载刚好足够大以维持挠曲变形。

2. 早期的研究者们就很快地发现了欧拉方程无法给出这类构件的可靠结果。

【答案】

1. The load is just large enough to maintain the deflected shape when the temporary transverse load is removed.

2. Early researchers soon found that Euler’s equation did not give reliable results for such members.