本节主要讲授与应力集中、延性破坏和脆性破坏有关的专业词汇、关键语法和复杂复合句的理解与翻译。

    (1) 应力集中及其影响因素 (Stress concentration and affecting factors)

    (2) 延性破坏和脆性破坏 (Ductile failure and brittle failure)

【选择题】

1. The            is due to the abrupt changes in geometry caused by imperfection of structural steel or manufacture. It includes holes, grooves, notches, keyways, threads, or abrupt changes in plate width or thickness.

(A) stress concentration; (B) ductile failure; (C) brittle failure; (D) straining.

2. The character of         is: large deformation occurs before fracture; rather than cracking, the material "pulls apart", generally leaving a rough surface.

(A) elastic failure; (B) plastic failure; (C) ductile failure; (D) brittle failure.

【简答题】

1. What is the difference between ductile failure and brittle failure?

【词汇英译汉】

1. stress concentration

2. imperfection

3. plastic deformation

4. elastoplastic

5. constitutive relation

6. ductile failure

7. peak stress

8. idealized

【答案】

1. 应力集中

2. 缺陷

3. 塑性变形

4. 弹塑性

5. 本构关系

6. 延性破坏

7. 峰值应力

8. 理想的

【句子汉译英】

1. 等值的应力分布打破，在非常短的距离内应力值大幅增长。

2. 对于具有理想弹塑性本构关系的材料来说，一旦峰值应力达到屈服点，它的应力将保持在这一应力值并且应力集中因素会降低。

【答案】

1. The uniform stress pattern is disruption and the intensity of stress increases greatly within a very short distance.

2. For a material with perfect elastoplasticity constitutive relation, once the peak stress reaches yield point, its stress will remain this value and the stress concentration factor will decrease.