市场研究

常亮

目录

  • 1 课程导言
    • 1.1 教学大纲
    • 1.2 为何学习市场研究
  • 2 Introduction to Marketing Research
    • 2.1 Marketing Research is Part of Marketing
    • 2.2 What is Marketing Research?
    • 2.3 What Are the Uses of Marketing Research?
    • 2.4 The Marketing Information System
  • 3 Defining the Problem and Research Objectives
    • 3.1 The Marketing Research Process
    • 3.2 Establish the Need for Marketing Research
    • 3.3 Define the Problem
    • 3.4 A Process for Defining the Problem and Research Objective
    • 3.5 Market Research Proposal
  • 4 Research Design
    • 4.1 Research Design
    • 4.2 Exploratory Research
    • 4.3 Descriptive Research
    • 4.4 Causal Research
    • 4.5 Test Marketing
  • 5 Secondary Data and Packaged Information(自学)
  • 6 Qualitative Research Techniques
    • 6.1 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Pluralistic Research
    • 6.2 Observation Techniques
    • 6.3 Focus Groups
    • 6.4 Other Qualitative Research Techniques
  • 7 Evaluating Survey Data Collection Methods(自学)
  • 8 Designing the Questionnaire
    • 8.1 Basic Question-Response Formats
    • 8.2 Basic Concepts in Measurement
    • 8.3 Types of Measures
    • 8.4 Interval Scales Commonly Used in Marketing Research
    • 8.5 Reliability and Validity of Measurements
    • 8.6 Designing a Questionnaire
    • 8.7 Questionnaire Organization
  • 9 Selecting the Sample
    • 9.1 Basic Concepts in Samples and Sampling
    • 9.2 Probability Versus Nonprobability Sampling Methods
    • 9.3 Developing A Sample Plan
  • 10 Determing the Size of a Sample
    • 10.1 Sample Size Axioms
    • 10.2 The Confidence Interval Method of Determining Sample Size
    • 10.3 The Sample Size Formula
    • 10.4 Other Methods of Sample Size Determination
  • 11 Dealing with Field Work(自学)
  • 12 Using Descriptive Analysis, Performing  Population Estimates, and Testing Hypotheses
    • 12.1 Types of Statistical Analyses
    • 12.2 Descriptive Analysis
    • 12.3 Statistical Inference
  • 13 Implementing Basic Differences Tests
    • 13.1 Differences are Important
    • 13.2 Testing for Significant Differences
    • 13.3 Analysis of Variance
  • 14 Making Use of Associations Tests
    • 14.1 Types of Relationship Between Two Variables
    • 14.2 Test of Relationship Between Two Nominal Variables
    • 14.3 Test of Relationship Between Two Metric Variables
  • 15 Understanding Regression Analysis Basics
    • 15.1 Regression Analysis
    • 15.2 Multiple Regression Analysis
  • 16 The Research Report
Types of Relationship Between Two Variables


14.1 Types of Relationship Between Two Variables

14.1.1 Associative Analyses

Associative analyses(相关分析): determine where stable relationships exist between two variables

Examples

哪种经营方式与消费者满意度相关?

哪些人口统计特征变量与消费者对A产品的再次购买有关?

销售代表的培训方式是否与销售绩效相关?

新产品的购买意向是否与该产品的真实销量有关?

相关性因果关系

相关性

变量A的变化总是伴随变量B的变化,没有方向性。

例:太阳镜的销售量和雪糕的销售量是存在相关性。

因果关系

变量A的变化总是引起变量B的变化,有方向性。

例:下雨天导致燕子低飞。

14.1.2 Relationships Between Two Variables

Relationship: a consistent, systematic linkage between the levels or labels for two variables

“Levels” refers to the characteristics of description for interval or ratio scales.

“Labels” refers to the characteristics of description for nominal or ordinal scales.

1Nonmonotonic relationship(非单向关系): two variables are associated, but only in a very general sense. The presence (or absence) of one variable is associated with the presence (or absence) of another.

一个变量的出现(或不出现)与另一变量的出现(或不出现)存在联系。

非单调:这种联系没有明确的方向性,但联系确实存在。

2Monotonic relationship(单向关系): the general direction of a relationship between two variables is known

Increasing relationship

Decreasing relationship

3Linear relationship(线性关系): “straight-linear association” between two variables

4Curvilinear(曲线关系): some smooth curve pattern describes the association