Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Researches show that many people do not leave an organization but leave a boss. So it is vital that when you apply for a position, you not only look at the organization and the role, but also interview your future boss. Applying for a new job is a two-way street—they select you and you select them. Before you go to the interview, write down what your selection standards are for an effective boss. You can make a list of selection criteria, such as: What made your last boss "good" for you? How do you like to be trained? How do you like your boss to communicate with you?
Then you place them in order of importance. The most important should be on top of the list. once you are clear on your standards, you may get some idea of how your future boss operates by the way the interview is conducted. For example, did it start and finish on time? How formal or informal was the room?
When the interview gets to the "Do you have any questions?" stage, you might like to ask some questions. With well-prepared questions, you can develop a very good idea of your future boss"s management style.
1.
Many people leave an organization because ______.
A the boss doesn"t like the employees
B they don"t like the boss
C the organization is not good
D the organization is not important
答案:B
[考点] 推理判断题
[解析] 根据本文第一句话“Researches show that many people do not leave an organization but leave a boss．”可推知因为他们不喜欢他们的老板才离开公司。故选择B。
2.
If you place your questions in order of importance, you ______.
A put the least important first
B put the longest question first
C put the most important last
D put the most important first
答案:D
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 根据原文第二段第二句话“The most important should be on top of the list．”可知，最重要的问题应该放到最上面也就是第一个。故选择D。
3.
You can judge your future boss by the following EXCEPT ______.
A whether the interview started on time
B whether the interview room was formal
C whether the boss played funny jokes
D whether the interview finished on time
答案:C
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 返回原文第二段最后一句，“For example, did it start and finish on time? How formal or informal was the room?”可知，A、B、D项均正确，而C选项“老板是否爱开玩笑”尚未提及。
4.
From this passage we get to know ______.
A the interviewee can ask any question to the interviewer
B the interviewer asks many difficult questions to the interviewee
C the interviewer asks questions first
D the interviewee asks questions first
答案:C
[考点] 推理判断题
[解析] 由原文第三段第一句“when the interview gets to the "Do you have any questions?" stage, you might like to ask some questions．”可知，应是面试官先问问题，然后才是应试者去提问。故选C。
5.
The best title for this passage might be ______.
A How to Get Along with Your New Boss
B How to Ask Your New Boss Questions
C How to Select Your New Boss
D How to Prepare for Interview
答案:C
[考点] 主旨大意题
[解析] 根据第一段中“you select them”可知面试也是你挑选老板的过程。
Passage 2
Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss. This noise can be the sound of a plane or machines in factories or loud music or other common sounds found at home or at work. A person only needs to hear the noise for little more than one second to be affected.
An American scientist has found that using aspirin can increase the temporary (暂时的) hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment, using a number of students a university, who all had normal hearing. He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time. He had them listen to loud noise for a short time, and then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about twice as great.
The scientist said that millions of persons in the United States use much greater amounts of aspirin than were used in the study. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.
1.
Doctors have long known that hearing damage or loss can he caused by ______.
A loud noises
B sounds of all kinds
C common sounds at home
D terribly loud noises
答案:D
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 文章第一段第一句“Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss．”提供了信息，extremely loud noises等同于terribly loud noises。
2.
By conducting an experiment, the American scientist tried to find out ______.
A whether using aspirin would affect a person"s hearing ability
B whether university students" hearing ability is better than others
C how many Americans take great amounts of aspirin every day
D why people face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noises
答案:A
[考点] 推理判断题
[解析] 通读第二段可知美国科学家做这个实验就是为了证明阿司匹林对人的听力是否有影响。
3.
According to this passage, the findings of the. experiment is that using aspirin can ______.
A improve one"s hearing ability
B increase hearing loss by 50 percent
C increase temporary hearing loss from loud noises
D protect persons from losing their hearing ability
答案:C
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 由文章第二段“An American scientist has found that using aspirin can increase the temporary(暂时的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise．”可知，阿司匹林可以增加听力的暂时损坏。
4.
Millions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss because they ______.
A take too much aspirin every day
B often take planes on trips
C are surrounded by loud noises at home or at work
D like listening to loud music
答案:A
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 文章最后一段“The scientist said that millions of persons in the United States use much greater amounts of aspirin than were used in the study. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise．”，两句话说明大部分的美国人都处于失去听力的危险中是因为他们每天服用了太多的阿司匹林。
5.
The writer"s purpose in writing this passage is to ______.
A explain how extremely loud noises affect persons" hearing ability
B make people aware of the consequences of using aspirin
C test how good a person"s hearing ability is
D illustrate how hearing loss is related to very loud noises
答案:B
[考点] 推理判断题
[解析] 作者的写作目的就是让人们认识到服用阿司匹林会对人的听力产生不良的影响。
Passage 3
When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the intricacies (复杂) of reading letters to form words.
If a three-year-old child wants to read (or even a two-year-old child for that matter), the child has the right to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be "bored" when joining a class of non-readers at child school is the teacher"s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.
Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic (having difficulty in reading).
Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labeling various items in their rooms. For instance, tie a nice piece of cardboard to their bed with BED written in neat, big letters.
Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an attraction should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humor. Reading should never be made to look like a hard job and the child should never be forced to continue, or his interest should start to flag.
1.
This passage is mainly about ______.
A what qualities people teaching children reading should have
B different age groupings of children to be taught reading
C when and how children should be taught reading
D various problems of children who start learning to read
答案:C
[考点] 主旨大意题
[解析] 文章第一段首句提出问题：孩子什么时候应该开始读写，然后指出因为每个孩子都与众不同，所以不应该设定统一的教学时间；文章接下来几段则具体指出老师和家长在教育孩子时应采用的方法，以及应避免的错误。故选C。
2.
In the writer"s opinion, children start learning to read ______.
A early and fast
B at different times
C by a certain rule
D from word games
答案:B
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 从文章第一段第三句话“..., and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught..."，可知应该根据孩子的具体情况确定开始教他认字的时间。故选B。
3.
A three-year-old child who wants to read should ______.
A be encouraged
B go to an infant school
C start from fun stories
D join a class of non-readers
答案:A
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 从文章第二段第一句话可知如果一个三岁大的孩子想要读书，那么我们就应该鼓励他进行阅读。故选A。
4.
The purpose of labeling items in the room is to ______.
A make it more colorful
B teach children to write neatly
C help children recognize simple letters
D force children to develop the habit of reading
答案:C
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 从文章第四段第一句话“...there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labeling various items in their rooms．”可知将房间内的物品贴上标签，有利于帮助孩子们认字。故选C。
5.
The writer suggests that ______.
A children should ask their parents to teach them to read
B children should not feel bored if given advanced reading material
C children starting to read should ask specialists for help
D children should be taught with patience, care and a sense of humor
答案:D
[考点] 推理判断题
[解析] 从文章最后一段第二句可知，应该耐心地、小心谨慎地教孩子识字，并且应具有幽默感。故选D。
Passage 4
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school, I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that"s not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal arts (文科) university that doesn"t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren"t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.
I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn"t care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist (人文学者) all in one.
Now I"m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal arts courses in college.
The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don"t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.
1.
The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal arts university because he ______.
A wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality
B intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist
C wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal arts courses in college
D intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
答案:B
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 从文章第三段第二句话可知作者既想成为一名工程师，也想成为一名人文学家。故选B。
2.
According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can ______.
A balance engineering and the liberal arts
B receive guidance in their careers
C become noble idealists
D broaden their horizons
答案:D
[考点] 事实细节题
[解析] 从文章第二段第四句话可知作者希望通过和非科学非工程系的学生交流，来开阔自己的眼界。故选D，能够开阔他们的眼界。
3.
In the eyes of she author, a successful engineering student is expected ______.
A to have an excellent academic record
B to be wise and mature
C to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
D to be a technical genius with a wide vision
答案:D
[考点] 推理判断题
[解析] 从文章第三段第二句话可知一个完整的工程师，既要是一个技术天才，也要是一个感性的人文学者，因此一个成功的工程系学生不仅仅要成为一个技术天才，也要有广阔的眼界。故选D。
4.
The author"s experience shows that he was ______.
A creative
B ambitious
C unrealistic
D irrational
答案:C
[考点] 推理判断题
[解析] 从文章可知作者原来打算通过同时学习工程和文科来成为一名完美的工程师，但由第四段前两句可知，作者崇高的理想与现实发生了冲突。因此可判断作者是不切实际的。故选C。creative：富有创造力的；ambitious：有野心的；unrealistic：不切实际的；irrational：不理性的。
5.
The underlined word "they" in Para. 5 refers to ______.
A engineering and the liberal arts
B reality and noble ideals
C flexibility and a value system
D practicality anti rationality
答案:A
[考点] 词语理解题
[解析] 文章第五段主要讲工程和文科的区别，第一句话指出作者在高中时认为工程和文科可以一起学，但事实并非如此，第二句话则进一步补充说明，主题仍是工程和文科。故选A。