Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly increase their children"s language development. It is surprising but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children"s language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child"s language skills increase.
A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the children participated in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open- ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, "What is the doggie doing?" rather than "Is the doggie running away?" The parents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities and how to praise correct answers.
At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ in measures of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group showed 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group.
1.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A Children who talk a lot are more intelligent.
B Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.
C Active children should read more and be given more attention.
D Verbal ability can easily be developed with proper methods.
答案:D
[解析] 推理判断题。答案在第一段第一句：“By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly increase their children"s language development．”(父母给孩子读书的时候，通过采用一些简单的方法可以大大提高孩子的语言能力。)因此可以得出这样的结论：语言能力可以通过适当的方法来提高。D为正确答案。
2.
What does " It " in line 2 can most probably be replaced by?
A Parents" increasing children"s language development.
B Reading techniques being simple.
C Parents" reading to children.
D Children"s intelligence development.
答案:A
[解析] 词语理解题。根据上下文，it指前一句所说的父母能提高孩子的语言能力。
3.
According to the author, which of the following questions is the best type to ask children about?
A Do you see the elephant?
B Is the elephant in the cage?
C What animals do you like?
D Shall we go to the zoo?
答案:C
[解析] 推理判断题。答案在第二段：“In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions．”(在进行实验的这一组里，给家长进行两小时的培训，让他们学会向孩子们提一些开放式的而不是用“是”或“不是”来回答的问题。)选项A，B，D均是要用“是”或“不是”来回答的问题，因此家长提出的最好的问题应该是：“what animals do you like?”(你喜欢什么样的动物?)，故C为正确答案。
4.
The difference between the control group and the experimental group was ______.
A the training that parents received
B the age of the children
C the books that were read
D the number of the children
答案:A
[解析] 推理判断题。答案在第二段。两组的区别在于实验组里的家长接受了培训。
5.
The best conclusion we can draw from the passage is that ______.
A parents should be trained to read to their children
B the more children read, the more intelligent they will become
C children"s language skills increase when they are required to respond actively
D children who read actively seem six months old
答案:C
[解析] 主旨大意题。答案在第一段最后一句话：“If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child"s language skills increase．”(如果一位父/母亲鼓励其孩子对他/她朗读的东西做出积极反应的话，孩子的语言能力就会提高。)因此C为正确答案。
Passage 2
Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child—or even an animal, such as a pigeon—can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone"s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone"s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what is "a nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a "nice person", you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels, acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people"s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types—people are described with such terms.
people have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain"s (坏人) or the hero"s role. In fact the words "person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask". Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guy from the bad guy because the two types differ in appearances as well as in actions.
1.
By using the example of fingerprints, the author tells us that ______.
A people can learn to recognize faces
B people have different personalities
C people have difficulty in describing the features of fingerprints
D people differ from each other in facial features
答案:D
[解析] 事实细节题。从第一段第一句可以看出作者认为脸和指纹一样独一无二。指纹可用来辨别人，脸也一样。
2.
According to this passage, some animals have the gift of ______.
A telling people apart by how they behave
B typing each other
C telling good people from bad people
D recognizing human faces
答案:D
[解析] 事实细节题。从第一段最后一句可知一些动物也具有辨认人类面孔的本领。
3.
Who most probably knows best how to describe people"s personality?
A The ancient Greek audience.
B The movie actors.
C Psychologists.
D The modern TV audience.
答案:B
[解析] 推理判断题。文章最后一段指出，希腊最早的戏剧中演员们都用面具来表现反面和正面角色，但如今的电视和电影演员都不戴面具，但我们还是能很容易就把“好人”和“坏人”区分。由此推知，演员最善于表演人物性格，故选B。虽然倒数第二段提到了一位心理学家，但只是介绍了他的发现，并没有说他是最善于描述人物性格的人。
4.
According to the passage, it is possible for us to tell one type of person from another because ______.
A people differ in their behavioral and physical characteristics
B human fingerprints provide unique information
C people"s behavior can be easily described in words
D human faces have complex features
答案:A
[解析] 推理判断题。人和人不同，从他们的言行举止即行为上和身体特征即面部特征上可以区别出来。
5.
Which of the following is the major point of the passage?
A Why it is necessary to identify people" s personality?
B Why it is possible to describe people?
C How to get to know people?
D How best to recognize people?
答案:B
[解析] 主旨大意题。这一篇短文主要讲不同的人具有不同的面部特征及言行举止，即告诉了为什么能够描述人们，故选B。
Passage 3
Most personal managers agree that job interviews are one of the least objective recruitment methods. But the advantages of testing are not going to change the attraction of the interview to employers. The appeal of the interview has everything to do with the human factor.
Most people believe that they are a reasonable judge of character and trust their instinctive feelings. We might use some kind of test to aid the selection process, but we usually pick a candidate who interviews well, has good qualifications and an impressive work record.
But suppose the candidate lies or is less than completely honest, "This can be a serious problem of employers," examine Alan Conrad, Chief Executive at Optimus Recruitment. "The most difficult liars to find are those who tell half-truths rather than complete lies." Research shows that up to 75 percent of resumes are inaccurate on purpose. The most common practice is omission.
Interviewer should therefore concentrate on areas of uncertainty such as gaps between periods of employment and job descriptions that seem strange. "Focusing on these areas will force candidates to tell the truth or become increasingly dishonest. This is usually when people signal their anxiety by their body language. Sweat on the upper lip, false smiles and nervous hand movements all indicate discomfort..."
Conrad does not suggest an aggressive policy—style interview technique, but insists that close inspection of a resume is absolutely essential. Only by asking the right questions can you confirm the suitability of the candidate or put pressure on those who are being less than completely honest.
1.
The best title of this passage can be ______.
A How to Catch Out the Dishonest Candidate
B How to Find a Job by Tricks
C Disadvantages of Job Interviews
D Advantages of Job Interviews
答案:A
[解析] 主旨大意题。短文主要讲面试者如何发现不诚实的应聘者。第三段开头的but表明前面两段的作用是引出主题，做铺垫，而不能错把这两段的内容当作短文的中心思想。故A是正确答案。
2.
The liars hard to recognize are those who tell ______.
A complete truths
B complete lies
C partial truths
D mainly truths
答案:C
[解析] 事实细节题。依据短文第三段的“The most difficult liars to find are those who tell half-truths rather than complete lies”可得知最难辨认的是那些说话半真半假者，故选C。
3.
How were the job applicants able to lie without being detected?
A By leaving out some necessary information.
B By providing more information than needed.
C By using their body language.
D By telling some unbelievable lies.
答案:A
[解析] 推理判断题。依据短文第三段的“Research shows that up to 75 percent of resumes are inaccurate on purpose. The most common practice is omission．”可推知应聘者在简历上有意隐瞒一些不利的信息以免被发现真实的情况，故选A，其中leaving out...和原文中omission同义。
4.
In order to pick up a qualified and an honest candidate, Conrad suggests that we ______.
A examine the resumes carefully
B inspect the candidates aggressively
C correct the resumes intentionally
D compare one"s resume with others"
答案:A
[解析] 事实细节题。根据短文最后一段开头“Conrad does not suggest an aggressive policy—style interview technique, but insists that close inspection of a resume is absolutely essential．”得知Conrad主张对简历仔细甄别。故A是正确答案。
5.
What is the author"s attitude towards job interviews?
A Most objective.
B Too subjective.
C Suspicious.
D Credulous.
答案:B
[解析] 推理判断题。短文第一段说大部分人事部经理都同意面试是最不客观的招聘方法，接着又说面试受太多的人为因素影响，故可推断出作者对面试的看法是觉得它“太主观了”。选项A意为“客观的”，选项C意为“怀疑的”，选项D意为“轻信的”，均不符合。故选B(主观的)。
Passage 4
Walking down any of Shanghai"s main shopping streets this week, newcomers might think the locals have been celebrating Christmas for centuries. Christmas may not be a customary holiday in China, but businessmen in Shanghai know it will bring something more valuable than tradition: people willing to spend money. Most Chinese may feel little connection with the Christmas celebration, but with most shops offering discounts (折扣), the message couldn"t be clearer—it is the season to part with one"s hard-earned cash.
Much of that marketing drive is directed towards the thousand of foreigners and foreign companies that call Shanghai home. But for Shanghai"s 13 million locals, regardless of personal interest, there seems no avoiding the season"s commercial (商业的) greetings. Along some major roads, nearly every shop window displays some symbols to the holiday: a man-made fir tree (杉树) with lights, or a snowman.
With an increasing number of Westerners arriving in the city for work, young Shanghainese, eager to keep pace with the latest Western fashions, have begun to show their interest in Christmas. But some people still don"t think Christmas is an important festival in China. At least it is less important than the New Year and China"s Spring Festival.
1.
In the first sentence, the word "newcomers" (Line 1, Para. 1) probably means
A people who are very young
B people from other countries
C local peoples
D Shanghainese
答案:B
[解析] 词语理解题。题目询问：“在第一段里，‘newcomers’是什么意思?”从文章第一段第一句可知newcomers指B选项中的“来自其他国家的人”，因为在第一句中“newcomers”应该与“locals”相对应，故选B。
2.
To the business people in Shanghai, Christmas will bring ______.
A profits
B greetings
C discounts
D tradition
答案:A
[解析] 事实细节题。题目询问：“对于上海的商人来说，圣诞节将会带来什么?”从文章第一段第二句“...but businessmen in Shanghai know it will bring something more valuable than tradition: people willing to spend money”可知应该选A(利润)。
3.
Which of the following statements is true?
A Christmas is the season for common people to earn money.
B Most Chinese people think they have something to do with Christmas.
C Christmas is the season people will hold their hard-earned money tightly.
D Few Chinese people feel they are connected with the Christmas celebration.
答案:D
[解析] 事实细节题。题目询问：“下列哪一个表述是正确的?”根据第一段第三句可知，很多中国人都感觉圣诞节和他们都是“little connection”(联系很少)，故选D。
4.
Why do some young Shanghainese show great interest in Christmas?
A They want to follow the up-to-date Western fashions.
B They think Christmas is more important than New Year"s Day.
C They think themselves connected with Christmas celebrations.
D They want to part with their hard-earned cash during Christmas.
答案:A
[解析] 事实细节题。题目询问：“为什么一些上海年轻人对圣诞节那么感兴趣?”根据第三段第一句中“young Shanghainese, eager to keep pace with the latest Western fashions”可知他们是为了追赶西方潮流，故选A。
5.
What is the author"s idea towards Christmas celebrations?
A Chinese young people should not celebrate Christmas seasons.
B Young people should show their interest in Christmas celebrations.
C Christmas is a good season for business people to earn money in China.
D Different people have different views towards the western style celebration.
答案:D
[解析] 推理判断题。题目询问：“作者对圣诞节的观点是什么?”作者在文章里只是罗列了商家、年轻人等人群对圣诞节的态度，并没有明显表明自己是哪种态度，由此可推知选D。