24. 第一次全面练习
终于,我们可以运用刚刚学过的知识全面分析模仿了。分以下几个步骤一边反复听一边处理一下文本:
一句话是不是一口气读完的,如果不是,在哪里有着明显或者不明显的停顿?
拿来托福听力考试录音文件,借助软件反复听每一句话,尝试着回答以上的各个问题,而后在文本上作出相应的记号——把手中的文本标记成乐谱一样的东西,而后就可以刻意地模仿。
以下是对一篇完整的托福听力录音文本的分析记录:
Community service is an important component of education here at our university.
“Community”被强读,并且/mju:/这个音节伴随着相对更高的音调;
“service is”被连起来,听起来与“service”这个单词的复数“services”一样;
“an important component of”中,“important”与“component”都被强读,“important”中的/pɔ:/读“一声”,词尾/t/失爆;“component”中的/pəu/读“四声”、/nənt/“二声”;“of”与前面的“component”连读,并弱读为/əf/;
“here at our university”中,原本的语流应为/ˈhɪə-æt-auə-juniˈvə:siti/;最终,“here”被强读了,“四声”;“university”被强读,其中/və:/为“一声”;at被弱读为/ət/;“our”也被弱读,变得很短,/auə/;而“at”中的 /ə/,由于前面被强读的单词“here”就是以/ə/结尾的,所以被同化了(或理解为“被省略了”也未尝不可),而“at”中的/t/,前面是元音(/ə/),后面跟着的也是元音(/auə/),于是这个/t/被浊化了。最终,整个气群听起来是这样的:/ˈhɪə-dauə-juniˈvə:siti/。
We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate.
“encourage”读成/inˌkəˌri:ʤ/;其中/ri:ʤ/“一声”;
“all”被强读,“二声”;
“to”被弱读,几乎成了/t/;
“volunteer”,词尾的重音/tɪə/被拉得很长;
“for at least”中的两个/t/都失爆了;“for”被弱读成/fɚ/;
“one”被强读,“四声”;
“community activity”被弱读,所有长元音都变短了,两处词尾的/iti/都读成相当于/ədɪ/(这里的/d/代表浊化了的/t/)
“before”被强读,“四声”;
“they”被弱读成/ðɪ/,甚至都接近于/ð/;
“graduate”被强调,“四声”。
A new community program called “One On One” helps elementary students who’ve fallen behind.
“new”被强读,“二声”,并伴着相对更高的音调;
“program”中,/pəu/为“四声”,而/græm/为“一声”,略微拖长;
“called”强读,拉长,“一声”;
“One on One”,第二个“One”被强读,“四声”;之前的“One on”两个词连读;
“helps elementary students”中的“helps elementary”连读的非常明显——因为“elementary”的重音在第一个音节;“help”中的“p”失爆;读的技巧在于,读到/help /时,读完/hel/之后就把嘴唇闭上,稍微停顿(练习的时候可以夸张地停顿长达两三秒),而后直接张开嘴唇读/ˈselɪ-men-təri/(第一个音节读成“二声”);另外,help这个词有相对更高的声调;
“who’ve fallen behind”,“who’ve”中的/v/,由于后面跟着的是相同唇形的/f/,所以听不到发音,但只是没有气流振动而已,该音的长度依然保持,所以听起来“who”之后有点停顿,而后才读出出“二声”的“fallen”;“behind”强读,“四声”。
You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching — that is, tutoring in math and English.
“You”读成“二声”;
“education”中的重音音节/kei/伴随着更高的音调;
“might”词尾的/t/失爆;
“especially”强读,伴随着更高的音调;
“interested in it”末尾的/t/,口腔动作完整,但没有气流振动,感觉像切音;
“it offers”中的/t/夹在两个原因之间,所以,浊化;“offer”“二声”;
“teaching”被强读,“一声”;
“that is“中的/t/浊化;
“tutoring”强读,“四声”;
“and English”连读,“English”被强读,“四声”;
You’d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester.
You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both.
Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week.
“Half”,/hæf/,被强读,“二声”;
“fine”,被强读,“四声”
“half”与“each”都被强读、“二声”
“two”被强读、“一声”
“week”被强读、“四声”
Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors
– he’ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities.
He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon.
You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week.
I’m sure you’ll enjoy this community service and you’ll gain valuable experience at the same time.
It looks good on your resume, too — showing that you’ve had experience with children and that you care about your community.
“looks good”中的/k/只有细微停顿没有声音;
“resume”,“re”为“四声”,/meɪ/为“二声”;
“too”“四声”。
“children”之后有个明显的停顿;这个词与之前曾经讲过的“program”一样,是第一个音节“四声”,第二个音节“一声”;
“and”被强读,“四声”;
“care about”连读。
If you’d like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge’s office this week.
“you’d like to”中的/d/没有声音、甚至连停顿都没有;
“sign up”,读完/saɪ-nʌ/之后闭上嘴唇,略作停顿,直接开口读“or if you have any question”(读得很快);
“Dodge”加上所属格“’s”之后,整体读/dɔ-ʤɜs/