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高中英语语法新体验——从经典例句开始
1.22.2.1 1.简单句中的省略

1.简单句中的省略

(1)名词所有格之后的省略。

He is going to his uncle's(house).

他正要去他叔叔家。

(2)含there be结构中的省略。

(Is there)Anything wrong?

有什么问题吗?

(3)独立主格结构中的分词为being或having been时的省略。

The examination(being)over,we all left the school.

考试结束后我们就离校了。

(4)不定式的省略。

①并列的不定式。

Her job is to take care of the elders and(to)wash their clothes.

她的工作就是照看老人,给他们洗衣。

②为避免重复,作某些动词如hope,want等的宾语或tell,order,ask的宾补时,省略不定式短语,只保留不定式符号to.

The child wanted to play in the street,but her mother told her not to.

这孩子想到街上玩,但是她妈妈叫他别去。

提示:

此句中not to后省略了和上文相重复的play in the street.

③感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,hear或使役动词let,make,have等后跟不定式作宾补时省略to。

I saw the girl cross the street.

我看见那个姑娘过了马路。(cross前省略了to)

I had my father repair my bike.

我叫我父亲给我修了自行车。(repair前省略了to)

提示:

当感官动词与使役动词用于被动时,需恢复to的省略。如:The girl was seen to cross the street.

④在“had better..”,“would rather..”,“can't but..”或“why not..”等句型后面直接跟动词原形,实际上是省略了不定式符号to。

You had better(to)tell me the truth.

你最好说实话。

I could not but(to)laugh at him.

我忍不住笑了。

Why not(to)go and ask the teacher for help?

去找老师帮帮你吧。

⑤在回答问句及其他形式的答语中,如有和上文重复的不定式时,在答语中只保留其不定式符号to,而把动词和其他部分省略。

—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

——你今晚想过来吃饭吗?

—I'd like to.But I'm too busy.

——我想来。但我太忙了。

提示:

此句中的I'd like to后省略了come to dinner tonight.

(5)介词(或介词短语)的省略。

①动名词前面的介词in在一定条件下常被省略。

We spent a large sum of money(in)building the mansion.

我们盖这栋大楼花了一大笔钱。

②near或opposite作形容词表示“在……的附近”或“在……对面”时,后接的介词to可省略。

It is near(to)the airport,opposite(to)the supermarket.

它靠近机场,在超市对面。

③“of+形容词+名词”作补语表示大小、年龄、形状、颜色或价格时,of常被省略。

We are(of)the same age,I suppose.

我想我们同岁吧。

④含有side,height,length,size,shape等的惯用语前,介词on有时可被省略。

Try to keep your discourse(on)this side of 3,000 words.

把你的演讲控制在3 000字以内。

⑤有些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配介词短语,在以what,when,how,whether,that出现的从句或不定式短语之前有时省略介词短语as to。

Be careful(as to)how you do that.

注意该怎么做。

(6)同源宾语的省略。

同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时,可以省去该同源宾语。

During the football match,the fans all shouted their loudest(shout).

在足球赛中,球迷们大声喊叫。

She sang her sweetest(song).

她唱得甜美极了。

(7)英语中惯用的省略句型。

What a beautiful view(it is)!

风景真美!

What(should we do)if it rains?

下雨怎么办?

(If we have)No pains,(we'll have)no gains.

不劳则无获。

(8)口语中的省略。

Thanks.谢谢你!

Not at all.不客气!

Sorry.不好意思。

Never mind.没关系!

Why so?为什么会这样呢?

Next!下一位!

Wonderful!真棒!