2.it作形式宾语

(1)真实宾语是不定式。

I found it difficult to explain to him what happened．

我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。

Both Galileo and Zhang Heng found it difficult to make people believe that their theories were correct．(人教大纲版第7页)

伽利略也好，张衡也好，都难以让别人相信自己的理论是正确的。

(2)真实宾语是动名词。

He thought it no use going over the subject again．

他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。

You will find it exciting working here．

你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的。

(3)真实宾语是宾语从句。

They kept it quiet that he was dead．

他们对他的死保密。

We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution．

我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。

提示：

①真实宾语除了用that引导的从句外，还可以是wh-从句。

He made it clear why he didn't come on time．

他说明了他没有按时来的原因。

I liked it when she sang．

我喜欢听她唱歌。

I hate it when you shout at me．

我不喜欢你对我大喊大叫。

②it作形式宾语还可以用于一些that引导的宾语从句，这时用“介词+ it”，然后再加上这个that从句。(参见名词性从句)

His doctor insists(upon it)that he give up smoking．

医生坚持认为他应当戒烟。

The operators will answer for it that the teat will be reliable．

操作人员担保这个实验将是可靠的。

Look(to it)that there are no mistakes．

要注意不要有任何错误。