1.though，although引导的让步状语从句

(1)基本用法。

①though和although(在美国英语中拼写成tho和altho)同义，在一般情况下可以互换。although比though语气更重，常用以强调让步概念。

Although China is a very big country，only seven percent of the land can be used for farming．(人教大纲版高一下第45页)

尽管中国是个大国，但只有7%的土地可以用来耕种。

Today there are still many people in New Zealand who call England“the home country”，although it is a place where most of them have never been．(人教大纲版高一下第39页)

如今仍然有许多新西兰人称英国为“祖国”，尽管大多数新西兰人根本没有

去过英国。

Though many people around the world study its language，their view of British culture is sometimes narrow．(人教大纲版高二上第35页)

尽管世界各地许多人学英语，人们对于英国文化的看法有时却很狭隘。

提示：

用了although或though就不要用but了，英语书面语有一个基本原则，就是两个句子(或者称为分句)由且仅由一个连词引导，下面的句子就是错误的。

Although he was busy，but he tried hard to help me．

但是although和though可以与still，yet或nevertheless连用，still是一个副词，yet和nevertheless是准连词。

Although/Though he blames me，yet I will trust him．

尽管他责怪我，但我还是愿意信任他。

Though he was hungry，nevertheless he would not eat．

尽管他饿了，但是他仍然不想吃。

Although it was quite late，yet we were still working in the fields．

虽然时间很晚了，但我们还在田里工作着。

注意下面的句子是正确的:

Though the meeting was important，I didn't want to attend it，but my boss

insisted on my going．

虽然会议很重要，我却不想出席，但我的老板坚持要我去。

这个句子遵循了两个句子由且仅由一个连词引导的规则。

②though和although往往引导一个省略句。(参见状语从句的省略)

Although a small country，it has an amazing history of over 5，000 years．(人教大纲版高二上第113页)(Although a small country=Although Ireland is a small country)

虽然它(爱尔兰)是个小国家，然而却有5 000多年的辉煌历史。

There were even differences between the species of the different islands;yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America，though separated from that continent by about 600 miles．(人教大纲版高三第34页)(though separated=though the species are separated)

甚至不同岛上的物种也有区别，但是所有的物种都明显地同美洲的物种相关，虽然它们与那片大陆相隔约600英里。

It is a good，strong ship，though not very fast．(95人教版高三第7页)

这是一艘很好的、牢固的船，虽然不够快。

提示：

省略句中保留的词有时和主句中某一个词的作用相同，而且恰好由though将之连在一起。这时though给人一种感觉，好像它是并列连词一样，其实仍然是从属连词。

The letter was written in a large though undecided female hand．

(=The letter was written in a large female hand，though it was an undecided hand．)

信上的字写得很大，是女人的笔迹，虽然不能确定出自谁之手。

这样的状语从句还可以简化为分词短语:

Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university．(2002年上海高考题)

虽然缺钱，他的父母还是设法送他上了大学。

(2)though和although的区别。

①though可以用在“名词、形容词、分词+though+主语+动词”或“动词原形+though+主语+助动词”这类让步结构中(见as，that和though引导的让步状语从句)，although则不能。

Dr．Borden，artist and professor though he is，knows little about doodle．

波登博士虽然是个艺术家和教授，对涂鸦却是一无所知。

Timid，shy though the man was，he showed great courage in time of danger．

虽然他胆小、羞怯，但是遇到危险时却表现出非凡的勇敢。

Fallen though it now is，its old greatness remains．

虽然它已坍塌，但是它昔日的伟大却依然留存。

Laugh though he might，that name seemed to thrill him．

无论他怎么笑，这个名字似乎还是让他惊骇不已。(此句有“无论”之意。)

②though有时当“即使”讲，相当于even though，这时让步状语从句必须使用虚拟语气;而although很少这样用。

Though the world were against me，I should still hold to my opinion．

即使是全世界的人都反对我，我也要坚持我的意见。

Though everybody desert you，I will not．(注意从句的动词形式。)

即使大家都遗弃你，我也不会的。

③though有时可当“但是”、“不过”讲，引入一个补充说明，此时状语从句必须放在主句之后，而且仍然是让步状语从句;although通常不这样使用。

Another famous building that makes people think of seashells is the Opera House in Sydney，though it makes other people think of ship sails．(人教大纲版高二上第20页)

另一个使人想到海贝壳的著名建筑物是悉尼歌剧院，但它也让一些人联想到船帆。

Night after night he forced himself to tell things，though she didn't listen．

他一夜又一夜地强迫自己对她说东道西，但她却没有听。

④though可以当作副词使用，单独附在句末或句中，通常用逗号隔开，意思是“不过”、“可是”、“还是”、“话虽这样说”;although不能这样使用。

I've enjoyed learning Chinese．I'm afraid I'm still not very good at it，though．(95人教版高二下第67页)

我一直喜欢学汉语，不过恐怕我的汉语还不是很好。

He is very dangerous element;there is no reason，though，to shoot him．

他是一个危险分子，话虽这样说，却没有理由开枪打死他。

He said he would come;he didn't，though．

他说他会来的，可是他没有。