4.表示条件的非状语从句表达方法

表示条件除了用条件状语从句外，还有其他的一些表达方法。既可表示真实条件，也可表示非真实条件。这类真实条件和非真实条件概念，不是取决于动词形式，而是取决于上下文和词汇意义。(参见虚拟语气)

(1)非谓语动词表示条件。

①不定式表示条件。

One would be a brute not to feel for the sufferings of the black people in South Africa．

一个人如果对南非黑人的悲惨生活无动于衷，他就是个丧失理性的人。

这是个真实条件句，在这里，不定式结构not to feel for the sufferings of the black people in South Africa相当于if he should not feel．．

To hear him talk，you would think he had passed half his life in Australia．

听他讲话，你会以为他的半辈子都是在澳大利亚度过的。

这也是个非真实条件句。To hear him talk相当于If you were to hear him talk。

提示：

有时，由不定式结构表示的条件并不采取状语的形式。

To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people．

对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。

这个句子相当于If you are kind to the enemy，you are cruel to the people．He would be thankful to be relieved of his trouble．

若能解除烦恼，他将谢天谢地。

这是个非真实条件句。to be relieved of his trouble相当于if he could be relieved of his trouble。

②现在分词表示条件。

Turning to the left，you will find the house．

左转弯，你就会发现那幢房子。

这是个真实条件句，Turning to the left相当于If you turn to the left。

You'd be warmer walking．

你如果走一走，就会暖和起来。

这是个非真实条件句，walking相当于if you walked。

③过去分词表示条件。

Heated，water changes into steam．

水加热，变为蒸气。

这是个真实条件句，Heated相当于If it is heated。

What would she have done confronted with a similar situation?

如果当时面对同样的情况她会怎么办呢?

这是个非真实条件句，confronted with a similar situation相当于if she had been confronted with a similar situation。

提示：

自身带有主语的分词短语也能表示条件概念。

Everything considered，the city is the most exciting of the world．

如果考虑到每种情况，这是世界上最使人激动的城市。

这里，Everything considered相当于If everything is considered。

(2)介词词组表示条件。

表示条件概念的介词词组较常见的有but for，failing this，given，in case of，in the event of，in the absence of，with，without等。

But for the doctor's skill，he would have died．

要不是医生技艺高超，他早死了。

What can you do if your car breaks down?First of all，you can try to repair it yourself．Failing this，you can telephone a garage．

汽车坏了怎么办?首先，自己想办法修理。不行的话，打电话给汽车修理厂。

Given these facts，why are architects and artists asked to create new art works?(人教大纲版高二上第99页)

假定这些是事实，那些建筑师和艺术家为什么还要去创造新的艺术作品呢?

In case of fire，break glass．

如有火警，敲碎玻璃。

Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer，since we can call for help in case of an emergency．(人教大纲版高一上第59页)

拥有手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况时，我们随时可以呼救。

提示：

in the case of表示“就……而言”、“至于”、“在……情况下”。

In the case of a physical change，no new substance is formed．

就物理变化而言，不产生新物质。

In the case of architecture，many buildings that were designed in the past have proven to be beautiful and served their purposes．(人教大纲版高二上第99页)

从建筑学的角度来说，过去所设计的很多建筑是漂亮的，而且也满足了实用的目的。

He told her that in the event of any problems she could contact him at the other branch．

他告诉她，若有问题，可以和他联系，他在另一分行。

In the event of bad weather they will have to cancel the open-air concert．

如果天气不好，他们将不得不取消这场露天音乐会。

In the absence of the man，the whole house would have been burned to theground．

要是那个人不在，整幢房子早已烧为平地。

With a little help，he will succeed．

给他一点帮助，他就会成功。

People in Paris would be inconvenient without the subway．

巴黎人若无地铁殊为不便。

(3)定语从句表示条件。

在这类定语从句中，其先行项通常是表示类指的名词或代词。

It is twice blessed:It blesses those who give it，and those who receive it．(人教大纲版高二下第68页)

这是双层的赐福:赐福于施惠者，也赐福于受惠者。

It blesses those who give it，and those who receive it．可以理解为:It blesses those if they give it，and those if they receive it．

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man．

不到长城非好汉。

此句可以理解为:If a man does not reach the Great Wall，he is not a true man．

(4)“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构表示条件。

Take it and you'll feel better．

把它吃下，你就会好些。

在这里，Take it相当于If you take it。

Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross，and you will have a nice strong kite．(人教大纲版高一下第24页)

把手帕的四角与(风筝的)龙骨端头绑牢，就可以成为又好又结实的风筝了。

Let me hear another sound from you，and you'll celebrate Christmas by losing your position!(人教大纲版高三第58页)

再让我听到这种声音，你就会用丢掉你的职位来庆祝圣诞!

提示：

这类并列结构有的不带连词。

Grasp all，lose all．

样样都要，全部失掉。

Waste not，want not．

不浪费，不愁缺。

Light(ly)come，light(ly)go．

来得容易，去得快。

(5)“名词词组+and+陈述句”结构表示条件。

One inch，and he would have lost an eye．

再过去一英寸，他的一只眼睛就完了。

这里的one inch含义上相当于If he had moved one inch forward。

One touch of it and the fire was blazing．

你碰它一下，火就燃烧起来。

Another minute，and she will take me for a hypocrite．

再等一分钟，她就会把我视为伪君子了。

One more such loss，and you are ruined．

再这样折本，你就破产了。

(6)“祈使句+or+陈述句”表示条件。

Take your cane，or you may fall．

带手杖，否则会摔跤的。

这里Take your cane相当于if you don't take your cane。

He told me himself，or I would not believe it．

那是他亲自告诉我的，否则我也不会相信。

I did not know the extent of his demand，or I would not have promised to pay him．

我不知道他需要多少，否则我不会答应付钱的。

(7)“祈使句+or else+陈述句”表示条件

“祈使句+or else+陈述句”表示条件相当于“祈使句+or+陈述句”表示条件。

Put it down quickly，or else you'll burn your fingers．

赶快放下，否则要烧坏手指的。

提示：

这种句型还表现为下面的形式。

We must tear it up，or else they'll find our secret．

我们必须把它撕掉，否则他们会发现我们的秘密的。

Milk must be kept in a cool place，or else it will turn sour．

牛奶必须贮存于阴凉处，否则会变酸的。

(8)otherwise表示条件。

Go now，otherwise you won't get there tonight．

你现在就去，否则今晚到不了那儿。

在这里，otherwise相当于if you don't go now。

Come early，otherwise you won't get a seat．

早点来，否则搞不到座位。

I'm glad I studied，otherwise I would have failed．

我幸亏加了把劲，否则就不及格了。

(9)除上述种种并列结构表示条件概念外，还有一些谚语性质的并列结构都具有条件句的意义。

In for a penny，in for a pound．

一不做，二不休。

Long absent，soon forgotten．

别久情疏。

Once bitten，twice shy．

一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

(10)由say和suppose引导的从句表示条件概念，往往相当于一个条件状语从句。

If a substance has a higher density，say 5，000 kg/m³，it will not float on water．

如果某个物质有着较高的密度，比方说是每立方米5 000千克，那么它就不会浮在水面。

Say the plane doesn't arrive on time，we'll have to postpone the meeting．

假定飞机不准时到达，我们就得推迟会期。

Suppose he takes the job，what sort of salary will he get?

倘若接受这个工作，他将拿多少工资呢?

(11)含蓄条件概念，即条件概念可由其他含蓄的方式表达出来。(参见虚拟语气)

A true friend would have acted differently．

要是真朋友，做起来就不一样了。

提示：

此句相当于If he had been a true friend，he would have acted differently．

当然形容词也可以表示真实的条件:

An angry dolphin will sometimes slap its tail on the surface of the water．(人

教大纲版高一下第122页)

=If a dophin is angry，it will sometimes slap its tail on the surface of the water．

海豚要是生了气的话，有时会用尾巴拍打水面。

A stranger would not have found his house．

要是陌生人，就找不到他的家了。

Previously he would have done it．

要是在以往，他会做的。