9.表示“一……就……”的结构

表示“一……就……”的结构在英语里有很多。最常见的有三类:一类是由表示时间的名词转变而来的从属连词the moment，the minute，the instant，the second等;另一类是由副词转变而来的immediately，directly，instantly等;还有一类是从属连词词组hardly．．when/before，scarcely．．when/before，barely．．when/before，no sooner．．than，as soon as等。本小节我们还要介绍表示“一……就……”的非状语从句的表达方法。下面我们分类学习。

(1)the moment，the minute，the instant，the second等表示“一……就……”，它们后面可以加that，含义不变。

The moment he entered the room，Bill fixed the chain across the door．(95人教版高三第58页)

比尔一进入房间，就用链条把卧室的门扣上。

Them omen the reached the country，he started his search．(95人教版高三第81页)

他一到达这个国家(冈比亚)，就开始搜寻工作。

The instant I saw him I knew he was my brother．

我一看到他就知道他是我兄弟。

I'll tell him the minute(that)he gets here．

他一到这儿我马上就告诉你。

He felt a thrill the second he got into the the atre．

他进入剧院时感到一阵激动。

(2)immediately，directly，instantly等表示“一……就……”。

The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise．(95人教版高二下第16页)

这个妙龄女郎一听到声音就冲进了房间。

I left immediately the clock struck twelve．

钟敲12点后我马上就离开了。

Directly I had done it，I knew I had made a mistake．

我刚做完这件事，马上就知道我犯了个错误。

Tell me instantly he arrives．

他一到就告诉我。

(3)as soon as表示“一……就……”。

在这种结构中，由于两个动作是紧连的，所以常用一般过去时表示过去完成时的动作。

They quarreled as soon as the wedding ceremony ended．

婚礼一结束他们就吵了起来。

As soon as there is any talk of paying，his enthusiasm cools down．

一谈到付款的事，他就不热心了。

You may have a biscuit as soon a swe get home．

我们一到家我就给你一块饼干。

(4)hardly．．when/before，scarcely．．when/before，barely．．when/before，no sooner．．than等表示“一……就……”。

请记住这几个句型的两个特点:

①主句一般使用过去完成时，when/before/than从句中使用一般过去时。

I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead．(NCE第二册第54课)

我刚回到厨房，门铃又响了起来，响声足以把死人唤醒。

He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country．(NCE第二册第38课)

他还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了这个国家。

②如果把hardly/scarcely/barely/no sooner置于句首，则要求主谓语实行部分倒装。

Scarcely had he gone out when it began to rain。

他刚出门就下雨了。

提示：

在hardly/scarcely/barely．．when句型中，when实际上是并列连词，强调事情发生的突然性。(参见when引导的时间状语从句)

Barely had he arrived when he had to leave again．

他刚到就又得走了。

Scarcely had we started lunch before the door bell rang．

我们刚开始吃午饭，门铃忽然响起来了。

Hardly had he got home before she started complaining．

他一到家，她就抱怨起来。

提示：

上述各结构中的主句通常用过去完成时，从句中用一般过去时。但有时主句中也可用一般过去时;有时主从句都使用与现在有关的时态。初学者不必掌握，但是对于英语研究者来说，应该有所了解。

No sooner did he signal to turn than the other car turned in front of him．

他刚打了转向信号，另一辆车立即超到他前面去了。

The words were scarcely out of my mouth before Mary cried．

我的话刚一出口，玛丽就哭了。

The turtle no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack．(NCE第四册第18课)

海龟刚恢复平衡，第二只海豚又冲过来猛击一下。

(5)表示“一……就……”的非状语从句中的表达方法。

除了上述在时间状语从句中表示“一……就……”外，还有很多其他的表达方法也表示相同的意思。为了方便学习，我们把它们放在一起研究。

①某些表示“立刻”含义的副词跟after连用可以表达“一……就……”。这里的after既可以作连词引导从句，也可以作介词后跟名词或动名词短语。可以这样用的副词有immediately，instantly，shortly，soon，right等。

The machine will start instantly after you press the button．

你一按电钮机器就会开动。

The turtle returns to the sea soon after it has laid its eggs．

海龟一产完卵就返回大海。

Soon after his death，black people started enjoying the fights they had waited and fought for so long．(人教大纲版高二上第28页)

在他死后不久，黑人开始享有他们等待并为之长期奋斗的权利。

Shortly after it was launched，the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate．(NCE第三册第43课)

盘子下水后不久，馅饼委员会成员们来到当地一家小酒店庆贺。

We had a meeting to sum up our experiences immediately after finishing the work．

工作一结束，我们立即开会总结经验。

②某些at引导的介词短语可用来表达“一……就……”，如at the sight of(一看到)，at the thought of(一想到)，at the sound of(一听到)，at the first opportunity/chance(一有机会)等。

After being turned down several times，the young man felt discouraged at the thought of looking any further for jobs．

在几次被拒绝之后，那位年轻人一想到再去找工作就无比沮丧。

The birds scattered at the sound of the gun．

那些鸟一听到枪响就四处飞散。

At the sight of the police officer the thief ran off．

一看见警官，小偷就逃掉了。

I'd like to pay a visit to you at the first opportunity．

我愿一有机会就去拜访您。

③一些表示短暂性动作的动词，如arrive，return，reach，hear，see，receive，enter，step，get，recognize，leave等，它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在upon或on之后可表达“一……就……”。

Upon/on his return from Japan，Prof．Li went directly to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues．

李教授刚从日本回来就到他的实验室，开始和他的同事们一道工作起来。

Upon/on arriving at the spot，he found that the gypsies had gone．

他一到现场，就发现吉普赛人已经走了。

Upon arrival，my uncle hugged Pompy and tried to give him courage．(人教大纲版高二上第76页)

我叔叔一到，就拥抱着庞贝，试图给他壮胆。

Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her husband．(人教大纲版高二下第71页)

夏洛克必须答应在他死后把这笔财产留给他的女儿和女婿。