1.缩略为分词短语

定语从句缩略为分词短语时必须注意，只有当关系代词在从句中作主语，而且其谓语动词是表示行为的动词时才可能实现定语从句的缩略。

(1)主动式定语从句与分词短语的转换。

在主动式定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作主语，其谓语动词是一个行为动词时，可以把定语从句缩略为现在分词(短语)。

I know the men who are sitting in that car．

=I know the men sitting in that car．

我认识坐在那辆汽车里的那些人。

We shall be too late to catch the train which will leave at eight．

=We shall be too late to catch the train leaving at eight．

我们将会太晚而赶不上8点开的火车。

The boy singing in the hall is/was my cousin．

=The boy who is(was)singing/who has(had)sung/who has(had)been singing in the hall is/was my cousin．

在大厅唱歌的男孩是我堂兄。

Bill，who had taken chemistry in high school，offered to help him．

=Bill，having taken chemistry in high school，offered to help him．

比尔在中学学过化学，他主动提出帮助他。

Dogs that bark seldom bite．

=Barking dogs seldom bite．

爱叫的狗很少咬人。

提示：

如果定语从句中的谓语有表示程度、时间和方式的副词等修饰语时，这时可以转换为带有这种副词的现在分词作名词的前置定语;如果定语从句的谓语动词只带一个名词作其宾语，这时可以转换成带这个名词的现在分词短语作名词的前置定语。

This is a river that flows fast．

=This is a fast-flowing river．

这是一条湍急的河流。

We Chinese are people that love peace．

=We Chinese are peace-loving people．

我们中华民族是热爱和平的民族。

(2)被动式定语从句与分词短语的转换。

在被动式定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作主语，可以把定语从句缩略为分词(短语)。

The boys helped the people that were hurt in the accident．

=The boys helped the people hurt in the accident．

那些男孩救助了事故中受伤的人们。

The book that has been given to him is an English novel．

=The book given to him is an English novel．

给他的那本书是一部英语小说。

The matter which is being discussed is of importance．

=The matter being discussed is of importance．

正在讨论的那件事情很重要。

Dr．Manette，who had been kept a prisoner in the Bastille，Paris's most important prison，for many years，had recently been set free．

=Dr．Manette，having been kept a prisoner in the Bastille，Paris's most important prison，for many years，had recently been set free．(95人教版高二下第56页)

曼奈特医生被关在巴黎最重要的巴士地狱许多年以后，最近获释了。

提示：

在定语从句含有情态动词时，不能改作分词短语作定语。