1.as引导限制性定语从句

as作关系代词和关系副词可以引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或状语，构成the same(．．)as，such．．as，as．．as，so．．as等结构。

(1)such．．as结构。

当先行项是such或者被such修饰，关系代词几乎总是as，此时的as在功能上相当于that，但是不能换成that。

Such women as knew Tom(=those who knew Tom)thought he was charming．(as作主语)

认识汤姆的女士都认为他很迷人。

I never heard such stories as he tells．(as作宾语)

我从未听到过他讲的这类故事。

I have never seen such kind of girl as she is．(as作表语)

我从未见过像她这样的女孩。

They are such beautiful pictures as drew people's attention．(as作主语)

它们是非常漂亮的图片，足以吸引人们的注意。

提示：

有时定语从句中间会插入一个成分。She is not such a careless student as you think she is．在此句中you think是插入语，as在从句中作表语。

The instrument is not such as I saw on the exhibition．(as在从句中作宾语，such是代词，充当as的先行项。)

这台仪器不是我在展览会上看到的那种。

提示：

有时such和as可以连在一起:

We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had．

我们原本是打算给你一个别人都没有的机会。

It was a newspaper of a new type，such as had never before existed in the history of labor movement．

这是一种新报纸，在以往的工人运动史上没有出现过的报纸。

(2)the same．．as结构。

当先行项是the same或者被the same修饰，关系词常是as，可以是关系代词，也可以充当关系副词。

①as作关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语。

You must show my wife the same respect as you show me．(as作宾语)

你必须像尊敬我一样尊敬我夫人。

Many of the sports were the same as they are now．(人教大纲版高一上第53页)(as作表语)

许多体育项目跟现在一样。

It is said that the moon is made of the same matter as exists on the earth．(as在从句中作主语)

据说，月球是由与地球上存在的相同的物质组成的。

提示：

①在很多情况下，the same．．as结构所在的句子省略谓语部分或者省略主语和谓语，只剩下状语。

Despite the French Revolution，they were not given the same rights as white people．(人教大纲版高二下第106页)(as white people=as white people were given)

Country music today remains much the same as before．(人教大纲版高一上第148页)(as before=as it was before)

②当先行项受the same修饰时，关系代词亦可使用that，但是that从句不出现省略现象。

This is the same bag as/that I lost yesterday．

②as充当关系副词，在从句中作状语。

I'll do the experiment in the same way as he does．(as作方式状语)

我将采用和他同样的方法做这个实验。

I came the same day as he left．(as作时间状语)

我在他离开的同一天来的。

He studies in the same college as I do．(as作地点状语)

他和我在同一所大学学习。

提示：

注意定语从句的省略。

His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people(were treated with respect)．(人教大纲版高二下第28页)

他表明，黑人不应该被分离，而应该像其他人一样受到尊敬。

Distance learning students do not need to be in the same place as the course provider．(人教大纲版高三第236页)(as the course provider=as the course provider does)

参与远程学习的学生不一定非得要和授课老师在同一个地方。

(3)as．．as结构。

此结构用于“as+形容词+a+名词+as”句型，或者“as+限定词(many/ much/few/little)+名词+as”句型。

It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent．(as在从句中作宾语)

那是我度过的最愉快的一天。

They are having almost as much unemployment as we are．(as作被省略的动词having的宾语)

他们的失业人数和我们的几乎一样多。

There are as many books as are needed．(as在从句中作主语)

凡是需要的书都有了。

I try to read as many books and magazines as I can find about Canada．(人教大纲版高一上第95页)

凡是我能找到的有关加拿大的书籍和杂志我都尽量去看。

提示：

限定词后面的名词有时可以省略。There are plenty of books here;you can take as many(books)as you wish．

(4)so．．as结构。

此结构用于“so+形容词+a+名词+as”句型，或者“so+限定词(many/ much/few/little)+名词+as”句型。

Here is so easy a question(=such an easy question)as everybody can answer．(as作宾语)

这个问题很容易，谁都能答得上来。

提示：

与表示结果的so/such．．that结构的区别:当从句不缺少句子成分时使用so/such．．that引导结果状语从句，在从句中缺少句子成分时用so/ such．．as引导定语从句。请对比: