5.关系限定词whose与which的用法

引导定语从句的关系限定词有whose与which。

(1)关系限定词whose的用法。

由“whose+名词”构成的名词词组在定语从句中既能作主语又能作宾语，whose的先行项一般指人，但也可以用于指物或抽象概念。这种定语从句既可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。

When I looked out of the window，I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away．

当我往窗外眺望时，我看到一位美得让人窒息的女孩。

The building whose roof we can see from here is a school．

从我们这儿可以看见屋顶的那座楼是一所学校。

Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story．(人教大纲版高一下第34页)

欧普拉·温弗丽是个黑人妇女，她的成名故事十分鼓舞人心。

The boss in whose department Mr．King worked had heard about the accident．(95人教版高一下第18页)

金先生工作的部门的老板听到出了事故。

提示：

当whose不指人而指具体事物或抽象概念时，能与of which结构互换，of which既可以置于先行项之前，也可以置于先行项之后。

I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease．

=I saw some trees the leaves of which were black with disease．

=I saw some trees of which the leaves were black with disease．

我看见一些因病而叶子变黑的树。

He mentioned a book whose title has slipped of my mind．

=He mentioned a book the title of which has slipped of my mind．

=He mentioned a book of which the title has slipped of my mind．

他提到了一本书，书名一下想不起来了。

但是当先行项还有其他修饰语时，用of which更好。

The books about the Long March are well written，two examples of which are shown here．

关于长征的书写得很好，这里举出了两个例子。

(2)关系限定词which的用法。

“which+名词”构成的名词词组在定语从句中也是既能作主语又能作宾语。

有时候用抽象名词(fact，case，event，situation，time，failure，claim，point等)来总结整个主句的情况或句子的部分内容，而用which作抽象名词的限定词，这样就和句子发生了关联。在这种情况下，which实际上起着同位语的作用，这种定语从句常见于非限制性定语从句。

He is studying economics，which knowledge is very important today．

他正在学习经济学，这样的知识当今很重要。

He advised me to hide behind the door，which advice I took．

他建议我躲在门后，我采纳了这个建议。

这种从句也可以作介词宾语。

My father may have to go into hospital，in which case he won't be going on holiday．

我父亲可能得住院，这样的话，他就不会去休假了。

They stayed with me for two weeks，during which time they drank all the beer I had．

他们和我在一起呆了两个星期，在此期间他们把我所有的啤酒全喝完了。

I called him by the wrong name，for which mistake I apologized．

我把他的名字叫错了，为此我道了歉。