4.限制性定语从句中关系代词选择的其他问题

(1)当关系代词在“主语+连系动词+表语”(即SVC结构)中作表语时，通常用that指人和指物，而且通常省略。(参见关系词的省略)

He is no longer the man(that)he was．

他不再是过去的那个人了。

Dr.King still talks like the man(that)he was ten years ago．

金博士说起话来还是像十年前一样。

Our school is no longer the school that it used to be．

我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。

(2)在存在句there be结构中作主语时，用that指人和指物，而且通常省略。(参见关系词的省略)

He asks for the latest book(that)there is on the subject．

他要最新的有关这个主题的书。

This is the fastest train(that)there has ever been．

这是已有的最快的列车了。

We are trying hard to narrow the gap(that)there is between town and counry．

我们正在努力缩小城乡差别。

It was the only cotton mill(that)there was then．

这是当时唯一的棉花加工厂。

I have told all(that)there is to tell．

能告知的我都已经告知了。

I can do any pratical work(that)there is to be done．

我会做任何必要做的实际工作。

提示：

①如果名词被such修饰，要使用关系代词as。

The barren vegetation that remained could not prevent such water as there was from sinking into the aquifers beneath．

余下的稀疏植被无力阻止已有的水分渗入地下蓄水层。

②在非限制性定语从句中，要使用which。

Suppose there is a superman，which there isn't．

假定有个超人，但是实际上超人并不存在。

(3)在以here is(are)开头的句子中，关系代词用that为宜。

Here is a film that will move anyone．

这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。

Here are two books that I will buy．

这是我要买的两本书。

(4)先行项表示人的词，在下面的情形中使用which。

①强调人的性格时。

My teacher is different from the woman which I thought her to be．

我老师不是我曾认为的那种人。

When I came here，I found that she was not the woman which she had been．

当我到这儿时，我发现她不再像过去那个样子了。

②强调职业，这时更多地用于非限制性定语从句中。

When she came here，she became a teacher，which her father wanted her to be．

她来这儿时成为了一名教师。这是她父亲希望她从事的职业。

My brother is a lawyer，which is respectable．

我弟弟是位律师，这是一个受人尊敬的职业。

When the police came，he pretended to be the manager which did harmto him．

当警察来时，他装成经理的样子，这可把他害苦了。

③强调品德素质时。

My math teacher is a gentleman which my English teacher isn't．

我的数学老师很有君子风度，我的英语老师却没有。

He told the stories like a writer which she rarely was．

她讲起故事来像个学者，可她根本就不是。

(5)如果先行项是一个既指人也指物的并列名词词组，用that引导为宜。

The professor and his achievement(that)I heard about are admired by them．

我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到了他们的赞美。

Let's talk about the persons and the things that we can remember．

让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。

(6)如果先行项被分隔，为了明确所指对象，最好用who/whom指人，用which指物。

I was the only person in my office who was invited．(人教大纲版高一下第17页)

我是我所在的办公室里唯一被邀请的人。

There was a certain old man in the village(whom)none of us liked．

在这个村子里有一位老人我们每个人都不喜欢。

(7)当先行项是all或者其他指物的不定代词诸如anything，something，nothing，much，little，none，one时，关系代词作主语时常用that，作宾语时用that或者零关系词。

Everything(that)we have seen in China is moving．

我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。

I have nothing that is worth reading．

我没有什么值得一读的东西。

All that glitters is not gold．

闪光的未必都是金子。

This monument is all that remains of the ancient city．

这个纪念碑就是这个古城遗存的全部。

Is there anything(that)I can do for you?

有什么要我做的吗?

There isn't much that I can do．

我能做的事情不多(我帮不上什么忙)。

但是如果all或其他不定代词指人时，其后的关系代词可用who或that。

All that/who heard him coming were delighted．

所有听到他要来的人都很高兴。

Everybody who was anybody at all was at the dance．

每个重要人物都出现在舞会上。

Nobody that arrived could find their luggage．

到了的人无一人能够找到他们的行李。

(8)当先行项带有only，all，any，very(正好)时，用that比用who或which更普遍。

You are the only person that can help me．

你是唯一能够帮助我的人。

This is the very pen that I am looking for．

这正是我在找的钢笔。

Have you any books that are worth reading?

你有值得看的书吗?

(9)当先行项带有最高级修饰语或者序数词时，其后的关系词通常用that。

The book is the best that I have read．

这本书是我读过的最好的书。

This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our university．

这是我们大学盖的最大的实验室。

You are the first person that I want to ask for．

你是我要见的第一个人。

This is the second book that I have ever written．

这是我写的第二本书。

(10)在以疑问词who，which(of．．)，what开头的疑问句里，定语从句用that引导为宜。

Who is the man that is talking with the lady?

与那位女士谈话的男人是谁?

Who that has common sense can do such a thing?

有常识的人谁能干出这种事情?

Which is the book that you borrowed from her?

哪一本书是你从她那儿借来的?

Which of the two sheep that you keep produced more milk?

你养的那两头羊哪一头产奶多?

Which of you that know the answer can come to the front?

你们中知道答案的有谁能回答这个问题呢?