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高中英语语法新体验——从经典例句开始
1.16.6.2 2.whether与if的区别

2.whether与if的区别

(1)whether与if通用的情况。

①在某些动词ask,decide,know,wonder,see等后接的宾语从句中。

While we were looking at the map,a police officer came up and asked whether(if)he could help us.

当我们查看地图时,一位警官走过来问我们是否需要帮忙。

I was given ten minutes to decide whether(if)I should reject the offer.

给了我十分钟的时间来决定是否拒绝这项提议。

I don't know if(whether)she will be able to come.If she comes,please let me know.

我不知道她能否来。如果她来的话,请告诉我一声。

I wonder whether(if)you would mind doing me a favor.

不知您能否帮帮忙。

Please try this jacket on and see if(whether)it fits you.

这件夹克衫你穿上试试,看是否合适。

②动词doubt后接宾语从句,主句为肯定结构时,用whether(if)连接。

I doubt whether(if)he can really tell right from wrong.

我怀疑他能否分辨是非。

I doubt whether(if)the book is still lying on the table.

我怀疑那书是否还在桌上。

I doubt if(whether)it is true.

我怀疑这事是否是真的。

提示:

若主句为否定或疑问结构,doubt后接的宾语从句用that引导。

I don't doubt that you are honest.

你很诚实,这我一点也不怀疑。

Can you doubt that he will win?

他能赢,你感到怀疑吗?

有时在肯定句中也可跟that引导的从句,表示“恐怕……不会……”。

I doubt that he will come.恐怕他来不了。

③在“be+uncertain(unsure,doubtful)”等结构之后,用whether或if均可,译为“怀疑,不能确定”。

They were uncertain whether(if)they ought to go or not.

他们拿不定主意该不该去。

We were doubtful whether(if)our car could climb the hill.

我们不能确定我们的车能否爬上山。

It is doubtful if(whether)we can get the engine working on such a cold weather.

这么冷的天,能不能把车发动起来不好说。

④whether和if均可与or not连用,译为“是否”。

Tell me whether(if)he's at home or not.

告诉我他是否在家。

I'd like to know whether(if)you'll accept our offer or not.

我想知道你能否接受我们的建议。

提示:

但直接与or not连用时,只能用whether。

I can't decide whether or not you'll come.此句中的whether不宜用if。

(2)whether与if不能通用的情况。

①引导主语从句时用whether。

Whether you'll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work.

你能否真正学到知识,取决于你的努力程度。

It is not certain yet whether she will be present at the meeting.

她能否出席会议还未确定。

It worried her a bit whether she would pass the driving test.

能否通过驾驶考试使她有点担心。

提示:

但当采用形式主语it将主语从句后置时,用whether和if均可。

It's not clear to me whether(if)she likes the present.

她是否喜欢那个礼物还不清楚。

②引导表语从句时用whether。

The question is whether it is worth doing.

问题是这事是否值得一做。

What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious illness.

医生们真正感到怀疑的是我母亲能否从重病中恢复过来。

③引导同位语从句时用whether。

problem,question,doubt等名词后接的同位语从句用whether引导。

The problem whether Ms King will remain in the company is on discussion now.

金女士是否还能留在公司这个问题正在讨论。

The question whether there is life on the other planets remains open.

其他星球上是否有生命这个问题仍未解决。

There is still some doubt whether he will succeed.

他能否成功,人们对此仍感到怀疑。

提示:

There is no doubt后接的同位语从句用that引导。

There is no doubt,as we have seen,that he is a great addition to our company.

我们看得出来,毫无疑问他是我们公司一个很好的新生力量。

④某些介词后接的宾语从句中用whether。

She hesitated as to whether she should take our advice.

她犹豫不定是否应接受我们的劝告。

I'm still worrying about whether she can live alone abroad.

我现在依然担心她能否独居国外。

⑤宾语从句用it替代,移至句子后部时用whether。

I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.

该不该做由你自己决定。

I put it to you whether that's the best solution to the problem.

我把它提供给你考虑,看看这究竟是不是解决问题的最佳办法。

⑥在动词discuss和care后用whether。

We discussed whether we should shut down some small coal mines.

是否关闭这些小煤矿,我们曾经讨论过。

I don't care whether a hunting dog smells badly or not,but I don't really want it to smell bad.

我不在乎猎狗的嗅觉如何,但真不想让它身上有臭味。

⑦引导宾语从句时,如果从句是否定结构时用if而不用whether。

I don't care if he doesn't come.

他来不来,我不在乎。

提示:

为了让读者比较全面地了解whether和if的区别,下面的内容虽然与名词性从句无关,但还是在这里一并说明。

①后接不定式结构时用whether。这时常常位于know,decide,wonder等动词之后,译为“是……还是(不)……”。

I haven't decided whether to go to the cinema or stay at home.

我还没有决定是去看电影,还是呆在家里。

He didn't know whether to laugh or cry when he heard the words.

听了这话,他是啼笑皆非。

②在引导让步状语从句时用whether。该从句常由whether..or(not)..或no mater whether..or(not)等引导,有时用逗号与主句隔开,译为“无论……还是……不管……还是……”。

Whether it winds or rains,he'll be here on time.

无论刮风还是下雨,他都会准时到。

All matter,whether it is a solid,a liquid or a gas,ismade up of atoms.一切物质,无论是固体、液体还是气体,都是由原子构成的。

No matter whether you have time or not,you must deliver the clothes today.无论你有没有时间,你今天必须把这些衣服寄出去。