1.what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别

(1)what的用法。

当what作为连接词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语。what表示“所以……的(事)”的意思，相当于the thing(s)that，all that，that which，everything that，the person that，the place that等。

①what在名词性从句中作主语。

What is the most important in life isn't money．

人的一生中最重要的不是钱。

②what在名词性从句中作宾语。

Electricity travels through the air in what we call radio waves．

电是以被我们称为无线电波的方式在空气中传播的。

For many visitors，rides are what theme parks are all about．(人教大纲版高一下第69页)

对于许多游客来说，乘车兜风是主题公园的全部内容。

③what在名词性从句中作定语。

Home improvements have taken what little there is ofmy spare time．房屋装修花去了我仅有的那么一点业余时间。

You can take what books I have．

你可以拿走我仅有的那几本书。

提示：

what在名词性从句中作定语时，总是含有少量的意思，此时如果限定词what后面跟可数名词时可以在前面加上few，后面跟不可数名词时可以在前面加上little。(参见限定词what的解释)

What money I have is yours．

我所有的钱都是你的。

I took what books she gave me．

我把她给我的书都拿走了。

She managed to save what little money she could out of her wages to help her brother．

她设法从工资中攒了她能攒的钱来帮助她哥哥。

④what在名词性从句中作表语。

He is not what he used to be．(what=the person that)

他已不是从前的那个他了。

She is no longer what she was five years ago．(what=the person that)

她已不再是五年前的那个她了。

Shenzhen is not what it used to be．(what=the place that)

深圳已不是以前的深圳了。

What has made you what you are?

是什么使得你成了现在这个样子?

提示：

此句中what引导的从句作宾语补足语，或称宾语的表语。

(2)that的用法。

当that作为连接词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，that在从句中既不充当任何成分，也无实际意义，仅起着连接句子的作用。一般不可以省略(宾语从句除外)。

It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey．

她的头发白了，这让她很担忧。

Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it themselves．

汤姆觉得他对别人的事情的了解胜过他们自己对自己的了解。

We heard the news that our team had won．

我听说我们队赢了的消息了。

Another problem is that good soil is gradually lost．

还有一个麻烦就是优质土壤慢慢地在消失。