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高中英语语法新体验——从经典例句开始
1.14.1.2 2.意义一致原则

2.意义一致原则

(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。

The crowd were surrounding the government official.

人群包围住了这位政府官员。

(2)people,police,cattle,the youth等无标记复数名词,谓语动词用复数。(参见名词章节)

The police say they have caught the thieves.

警察说他们已经抓住那些盗贼了。

The cattle were driven away from the hill.

那些牲畜从山上被赶走了。

The youth of the country are ready to fight.

这个国家的青年都准备好去战斗。

提示:

①the youth指的是青年男女的整体,不可与数量词连用。当指个体时,就需使用youth—youths,如:a youth(一个青年人),five youths(五位青年人)。请对比:

Some youths were standing near the bus stop.一些年轻人站在公共汽车旁。

The youth of today are fond of dancing.现在的年轻人很喜欢跳舞。

②people作“人民”讲时,总是与the连用;当泛指“人、人们”时,通常不加the,均接复数谓语动词;作“民族”解释时,谓语动词应取单数第三人称形式,这时people前可以加上不定冠词a。复数形式peoples指“各民族”,并非指两个或两个以上的人。若要表示这个意思,可在people前直接加上数词或不定量限定词some,many,a few等。

In China people praise teachers for their work.

在中国,人们赞扬老师的辛勤劳动。

The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.

中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。

(3)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。形式上是复数而在意义上是单数的单词有news,windows(视窗)和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称(如The Selected Poems of Li Bai《李白诗选》,the United States美利坚合众国,the United Nations联合国)以及以-ics结尾的学科名称(如physics,politics,mathematics,economics经济学)。

Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.

《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯1860年所著。

Three days in a strange place land seems like a long time.

在一个陌生的地方呆上三天就好像过了很长时间一样。

Politics is a complicated business.

政治是件很复杂的事情。

Here is the news.

现在播报新闻。

Because windows was not properly shut down,one or two of your disk drivers may have errors on it.

因为视窗关闭不当,你的一个或两个磁盘驱动器可能出错。

提示:

①当mathematics指“数学能力”、“运算结果”时,被看作复数。

His mathematics are weak.

他的数学不好。(他不善于计算。)

It comes to£50 if my mathematics are correct.

如果我的计算正确的话,总共是50英镑。

politics指“政治观点”、“政治活动”时,也被看作复数。

American politics are not easily understood by the average Englishmen.

美国人的政治观点不易被普通的英国人所理解。

What are your politics?

你的政治观点是什么?

②the Olympic Games和the Asian games应视为复数。

The Olympic Games are held every four years.奥林匹克运动会每隔四年举办一次。

(4)由“名词+after+名词”引出的成对词结构作主语时,根据意义一致原则,谓语动词用单数。

Battle after battle was fought until they won.

打了一仗又一仗他们才赢。

Experiment after experiment was tried and at last the Curies found the element.

居里夫妇做了一个又一个实验,最后他们找到了这个元素。

Generation after generation passes away.

一代一代地过去了。