3.分词(短语)作定语与定语从句的互换

分词短语作定语时，相当于一个省去了作主语的关系代词的定语从句。现在分词短语作定语与其修饰的词是主动关系;过去分词短语作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系。

The fire also destroyed cars belonging to people working in the building．

=The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building．

大火还毁掉了在这栋大楼上班的人们的汽车。

Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists．

=Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists．

多数应邀来参加聚会的人是著名的科学家。

The first textbook written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century．

=The first textbook which was written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century．

最早为把英语作为外语来教学而编写的教科书是在16世纪出版的。

What's the language spoken in Germany?

=What's the language that is spoken in Germany?

在德国讲什么语言?