1.分词的语法特征

(1)分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加-ing;而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加-ed。它们除了与助动词be在一起构成进行时态和被动语态外，还可以起形容词或副词的作用，在句子中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

The Martin Luther King was such an inspiring leader that all his inspired followers listened attentively whenever he gave a speech．(现在分词inspiring和过去分词inspired作定语)

马丁·路德·金是一位非常具有感召力的领袖，每次他作报告的时候他所有深受鼓舞的追随者们都听得很认真。

At one time there were long queues waiting outside the CAAC offices．(现在分词短语作定语)

以前在中国民航的门前总会有人排很长的队在那里等候。

The result was surprising．(现在分词作表语)

结果令人惊奇。

The man was surprised．(过去分词作表语)

这个人很惊奇。

I saw him coming in．(现在分词短语作宾语补足语)

我看见他进来了。

The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back．(过去分词短语作宾语补足语)

杀人犯被带了进来，他的手被绑在身后。

He put a finger in his mouth，tasted it and smiled，looking rather pleased．(现在分词短语作状语)

他把一个手指放进嘴里，边尝边笑，看上去满意极了。

The teacher came in，followed by his student．(过去分词短语作状语)

老师进来了，后面跟着他的学生。

(2)由于分词是动词的一种形式，因此分词也具有动词的一些特征。

①及物动词的分词可跟宾语。

They can eat a person in two minutes，leaving only the bones．(only the bones是leaving的宾语)

他们可以在两分钟内吃掉一个人，只剩下骨头。

②可以跟状语。

So once more there will be milu deer living in the wild in China．(in the wild in China是living的状语)

因此在中国将会有麋鹿生活在野外。

③有逻辑主语。

Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden．(anyone是knowing的逻辑主语)

这个人死的时候没有人知道这些硬币藏在何处。

④有被动语态。

The house being built will be a home for the aged．(being built是build的现在分词的被动语态)

正在盖的房子将是一个养老院。

⑤有否定形式。

Not knowing what to do，he asked me for help．(Not knowing是knowing的否定形式)

由于不知道该怎么办，他来向我求助。

⑥连系动词的分词可以跟表语。

Feeling tired，Jane decided to stay．(tired是feeling的表语)

简觉得累了，于是决定住下来。

⑦有完成式。

Having been shown the labs，we were taken to the library．(having been shown是分词的完成式)

有人领着我们看了实验室后，我们又被带去了图书馆。