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高中英语语法新体验——从经典例句开始
1.9.2.3 3.动名词作宾语

3.动名词作宾语

学习动名词,作宾语是重点。这里涉及有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语,有些动词只能跟不定式,有些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式等诸多问题。在学习动名词的时候,我们要把它和动词不定式联系起来。

(1)作及物动词宾语。

I wouldn't mind going there with her.

与她一起去那儿,我没有意见。

I enjoy listening to music.

我喜欢听音乐。

I couldn't risk missing that train.

我不能冒险误过那趟火车。

I have finished writing this novel.

我已经写完了这本小说。

提示:

只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用不定式作宾语的动词有dislike(厌恶),admit(to)(承认),regret(后悔),acknowledge(承认),enjoy(享受),escape(避免),deny(否认),postpone(延迟),resent(怨恨),mind(介意),miss(错过),risk(冒风险),finish(完成),avoid(避免),delay(耽误),consider(考虑),fancy(想象),excuse(原谅),include(包括),

imagine(想象),resist(抵制),suggest(建议),advise(建议),avoid(避免),deny(否认),discontinue(停止),pardon(原谅),practise(练习),stand(忍受),understand(明白),appreciate(欣赏、感激),favour(赞同),report(报告),等等。

还有短语类:

keep(on)(继续),don't mind(不介意),cannot help(不禁),give up(放弃),witness to(作证),put off(延迟),leave off(停止),burst out(闯出),等等。

(2)作介词宾语。

I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble.

对不起,给您添了这么多麻烦。(介词for,宾语giving)

I reached him by calling his office.我跟他办公室打电话,才找到他。(介词by,宾语calling)

The police arrested him for speeding.

因为超速行驶,警察逮捕了他。(介词for,宾语speeding)

I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author.

我很高兴与这位著名作家交谈。(pleasure of+宾语speaking to)

He takes a great interest in studying languages.

他对语言学习很感兴趣。(interest in+宾语studying)

在英文正式语体里,“介词+动名词结构”常用来替代状语从句。

In spite of doing his best,the pupil was scolded.

=In spite of the fact that he did his best,the pupil was scolded.

=Although he did his best,the pupil was scolded.

尽管尽了最大努力,这位学生还是受到了责骂。

Despite coming in time,the visitors were not admitted.

尽管准时到了,参观者们还是不准进去。

By asking why,how and what if,curious minds find new ideas and solutions.(人教大纲版高二上第7页)

有好奇心的人通过探询为什么、怎么样,设想前因后果,就可以获得新思想、找到解决问题的方案。

Instead of eating expensive diet foods or going on unhealthy diets,we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.(人教大纲版高一下第4页)

不需吃昂贵的食疗食品,或者进行不健康的节食,我们只需尽量少吃脂肪和糖,多做运动。

The girl left without saying a word.

这女孩儿一句话也没说就离开了。

提示:

在下列的句子结构中,介词in被省略掉:

She has recently been busy(in)doing something in her room late at night.(人教大纲版高三第113页)

她最近一直在她房里忙什么事,经常忙到深夜。

He spent many hours in Paris libraries(in)studying botany,applied science and many other subjects.(人教大纲版高二下第11页)

他常常在巴黎的图书馆里呆很长时间,在那里研究植物学、应用科学和许多其他学科。

There is no use(in)talking with him now.

现在跟他谈没有用了。

However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty(in)understanding each other.(人教大纲版高一上第13页)

不过,两国人听对方说话,大多数时候没有理解上的困难。

I had no difficulty(in)understanding him.(人教大纲版高二下第92页)

我理解他不存在什么困难。

(3)作形容词宾语。

His suggestion is worth considering.(形容词worth,宾语considering)

他的建议值得考虑。

What is worth doing is worth doing well.

值得做的事情就值得把它做好。

She is busy correcting her exercises.

她在忙着改练习。

(4)在某些动词之后既可以用不定式,又可以用动名词。这样的动词有like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,attempt,intend,propose,can't bear,cease,choose,forget,learn,mean,neglect,recall,regret,try等。(参见动词不定式)

Do you like swimming(to swim)?

你喜欢游泳吗?

We began listening(to listen)to music.

我们开始听音乐。

She propose making(to make)a change in our studying plan.

她建议把我们的学习计划做一些改动。

(5)下列动词后既可接不定式,又可接动名词,但所表示的意思不同。

①remember to do something记住要做某事;remember doing something记得曾经做过某事。forget to do something忘记要做某事;forget doing something忘记曾经做过某事。regret to do something因做某事感到悲哀(不愉快);regret doing something因做过某事感到后悔。

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提示:

remember,forget和regret后面跟不定式时,表示该动作发生在谓语动词之后;后面跟动名词时,表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前,这时跟一般式和完成式都可以。

②stop to do something停下某事去做另一件事;stop doing something停止做某事。go on to do something(做完某事)接着做另一件事;go on doing something继续做某事。

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提示:

go on和stop跟不定式时,实际上是作目的状语;跟动名词时是宾语。

③try to do something设法做某事;try doing something做某事试试。Try to do your duty well.

④mean doing something意味着或意思是;mean to do something打算做某事或想要做某事。

⑤need to do something需要做某事(表示主动);need doing something需要……(表示被动)。want to do something想做某事(表示主动)。want doing something需要……(表示被动)。

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⑥begin和start在下列三种情况下最好跟不定式。

A.主语是物而不是人时。

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The ice began(started)to melt.

冰开始融化。

The barometer began(started)to fall.

气压计开始下降。

B.当begin或start用于进行时态时。

She is beginning(starting)to cook the dinner.

她开始做饭。

C.当begin或start后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时。

I began to understand my past mistakes.

我开始认识到自己过去所犯的错误。

She started to wonder who had done it.

她开始纳闷这件事究竟是谁做的。

⑦在like,hate,intend,prefer等动词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语;如果指特定的或具体的动作,用不定式。

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⑧be afraid to do something表示害怕(不敢)去做某事(常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果);而be afraid of doing something表示害怕(担心)会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况(不一定是令人畏惧的情况),可译为“唯恐(怕)”。

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⑨can't help doing禁不住……can't help(to)do不能帮助干……

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⑩能跟动名词的动词短语很多,常见的这样的短语有accuse of,be fond of,be capable of,be keen on,be proud of,be ashamed of,be responsible for,be sick of,be tired of,be afraid of,ins is ton,persist in,stick to,suspect..of,accuse..of,think of,dream of,approve of,prevent(stop,keep)..from,hear of等。

I am proud of working with you.我为和你在一起工作感到骄傲。

She is good at singing and dancing.她擅长唱歌跳舞。

I am thinking of going to the industrial exhibition this afternoon.

我想下午去看工业展览。

I am interested in skating.我对滑冰感兴趣。

(6)下列动词短语中的“to”是介词,不是不定式的符号,因此后面要接动名词或名词。accommodate oneself to使……适应于,be accustomed to(accustom oneself to)习惯于(使……习惯于),be addicted to沉湎于,admit to承认,be agreeable to欣然同意,confess to承认,confine oneself to使局限于,contribute to有助于,devote..to把……奉献给,be devoted to献身于、专心于,be equal to能胜任,fall to着手,have no(have an)objection to不反对(反对),object to反对,look forward to盼望,be opposed to反对,pay attention to注意,lend oneself to帮助,prefer doing something to doing something宁愿……而不……see to注意,take to开始、从事于,when it comes to谈到、至于、就……而论,be used to习惯于,get down to开始干某事,stick to坚持,等等。

When it comes to writing short essays,you had better ask his advice.

谈到写短篇文章,你最好请教他。

I don't feel equal to doing the work.

我感到不能胜任这工作。

I have got used to working on the night shift.

我上夜班已经习惯了。

I have been looking forward to writing a novel by myself.

我一直盼望自己能写一本小说。

She refused to admit to breaking the window.

她拒绝承认打破窗子。

(7)动名词也可以和以下短语连用,作状语。常见的短语有apart from,for fear of,in case of,with a view to,with the object of,in the event of等。

We should stay at home today instead of going to school.

今天我们应该呆在家而不是去上学。

He did such a thing with the object of improving his oral English.

他这样做完全是为了提高英语口语水平。