3.动名词的语法特征

(1)动名词在形式上和现在分词相同，现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点，而动名词具有名词的特点。因此在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

Working with you is a pleasure．

和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(作主语)

Seeing is believing．

眼见为实。(作主语，作表语)

What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town．

他心中想的是一路步行进城。(作表语)

Her shoes want mending．

她的鞋该修修了。(作动词宾语)

She left without saying good-bye to us．

她没有向我们告别就走了。(作介词宾语)

Buy me some writing paper，will you?

给我买些抄写纸，好吗?(作定语)

(2)由于动名词是动词的一种形式，因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。

①及物动词的动名词可跟宾语。

My hobby is collecting stamps．

我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语)

②可以跟状语。

I like driving fast．

我喜欢开快车。(副词fast修饰动名词driving)

③有逻辑主语。

Would you mind my asking you a question?

我问你一个问题，不介意吧?(my是动名词asking的逻辑主语)

④有被动语态。

I had hoped to be able to take my seat without being seen．

我本想不被人看见就坐下的。(being seen是动名词的被动形式)

⑤有否定形式。

Not going to university is not a shame．(人教大纲版高三第98页)

不上大学并不是一件丑事。(not going是动名词的否定式)

The most dangerous thing is not knowing about the disease．(人教大纲版高二上第52页)

最危险的事情是不了解这种疾病。

⑥连系动词的动名词可以跟表语。

Being a teacher is a pleasure．(a teacher是being的表语)

当老师是一件快乐的事。

⑦有完成式。

I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude．(人教大纲版高一下第56页)

我很高兴，经理并没有因为我的鲁莽而生气。(having been是动名词的完成式)