5.比较下列成对惯用短语

下列短语中的名词前用和不用定冠词，其含义完全不同。at heart，at the heart

at heart实际上，关心的是

He seems nice，but he is dishonest at heart．

他看起来很好，但实际上不老实。

at the heart思想上，心里

I have a fluttering at the heart．

我心里很不安。

at play，at the play

at play在玩耍，在做游戏

I like to watch the children at play in the schoolyard．

我喜欢看孩子们在校园里玩耍。

at the play看戏

He is at the play．

他在看戏。

at table，at the table

at table在进餐，在吃饭

The family are at table．

一家人正在吃饭。

at the table在桌旁

She is sitting at the table．

她正坐在桌旁。

at sea，at the sea

at sea在海上，在航海中，不知所措，茫然，困惑

The ship is now at sea．

那条船现在在海上。

He was all at sea when he began his new job．

他刚开始新工作时，简直不知如何是好。

at the sea在海边

He was at the sea for two months last summer．

去年夏天他在海边住了两个月。

behind time，behind the time

behind time迟到，(在指定的时间内)误时

The train is five minutes behind time．

火车晚了5分钟。

behind the time/times落伍，落在时代后面

I have fallen behind the time and am too old to catch it again．我落在时代后面了，年纪大了赶不上了。

Their courses in physics are very much behind the times．

他们物理课程的内容非常陈旧落后。

by day，by the day

by day白天

He usually works here by day．

白天他通常在这里工作。

by the day计日，按日计算

He paid the labourer by the day．

他按日支付雇工的工资。

by hand，by the hand

by hand手工做的

Are your socks knitted by hand?

你的袜子是手工编织的吗?

by the hand拉着手

He led his boy by the hand across the Street．

他拉着孩子的手穿过大街。

by sea，by the sea

by sea乘船，走海路

It is all the same by sea or by land．

走海路或走陆路都是一样的。

by the sea在海边，在海岸上

It's wonderful to see the sun rise by the sea．

在海边看日出真好。

in black，in the black

in black身穿黑衣服

She is in black．

她穿着黑衣服。

in the black出现黑字，有盈余

All the independent television companies are well in the black，ITV made a profit of over￡3，500，000 for the past year．

所有的独立电视公司大发其财。英国独立电视台去年赢利就超过350万英镑。

in pink，in the pink

in pink身穿粉红色衣服

She was always dressed in pink．

她过去总是身穿粉红色衣服。

in the pink身体棒极了

We are all in the pink．

我们的身体都好极了。

in case of，in the case of

in case of万一，要是，在……时候

Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer，since we can call for help in case of an emergency．(人教大纲版高一上第59页)

拥有手机，我们会感到更安全，因为在遇到紧急情况时，我们可以随时呼救。

You can consult with me in case of need．

必要时你可以与我商量。

in the case of就……而论，关于

In the case of architecture，many buildings that were designed in the past have proven to be beautiful and served their purposes．(人教大纲版高二上第99页)

从建筑学的角度来说，过去所设计的很多建筑被证实是漂亮的，而且也满足了实用的目的。

In the case of that book，I don't think it is of much use．

至于那本书，我认为没有多大用处。

in care of，in the care of

in care of由……转交

I wrote a letter to Mr．Smith in care of Mr．John．

我给史密斯先生写了封信，托约翰先生转交。

in the care of由……照顾

She went out on an errand，and left her children in the care of her neighbour．

她被派出办事，把孩子托给邻居照料。

in charge of，in the charge of

in charge of主管，负责，经营，照顾

Who is in charge of this department?

谁负责这一部门?

in the charge of由……负责，由……照顾，用……管理

This ward of the hospital is now in the charge of Dr Tayler．

医院的这间病房由泰勒医生负责。

in collar，in the collar

in collar有工作，有事做

The worker you spoke of is not in collar at present．

你说的那位工人这会儿正闲着。

in the collar受约束，行动不自由

Yow are in the collar now．Marriage has its obligations．

你现在行动不自由了。结婚是有责任的。

in control of，in the control of

in control of控制住，管理

The armed forces are in complete control of the situation．

武装部队完全控制了局势。

in the control of受……控制

He was in the control of evil men who forced him to do wicked things．

他受了坏人的控制，他们强迫他干坏事。

in course of，in the course of

in course of正在……之中

The railway is in course of construction．

铁路正在修筑中。

in the course of在……期间

I hope to visit England in the course of this summer．

我希望在今年夏季期间访问英国。

in dock，in the dock

in dock(车辆等)暂停待修，(船只等)在码头

The old car was temporarily in dock．

那辆旧车暂时搁置，等待修理。

in the dock处在受审的地位，在被告席上

When the magistrate looked at the prisoner，he found it was his own son in the dock．

当法官审理该犯时，他发现受审的是他的儿子。

in drink，in the drink

in drink喝醉了

It was impossible for him to keep a secret when he was in drink．

他喝醉了的时候就保守不了秘密。

in the drink在海里;在河里;在江、湖里

His teammates threw him in the drink．

他的队友们(开玩笑地)把他抛到水里。

in front of，in the front of

in front of在前面(在一个地方范围外)

He stands in front of the car．

他站在车子的前面(车外)。

in the front of在前部(在一个地方范围内)

He stands in the front of the car．

他站在车子前面(车内)。

in future，in the future

in future今后;以后(指今天以后的将来时间)

You should be more careful with your work in future．

今后你对工作要仔细些。

in the future将来(不一定指最近的将来)

Who can tell what will happen in the future?

谁晓得将来会发生什么情况?

in green，in the green

in green身穿绿色衣服

This girl is in green．

这位姑娘身穿绿色衣服。

in the green在年富力强的时候

Though in the green，he may not be equal to the task．

尽管他年轻有为，但是他也许还不能胜任这项任务。

in hospital，in the hospital

in hospital住院

He has TB and is in hospital．

他患肺结核住院了。

in the hospital在医院里

Dr．Li lives in the hospital．

李医生住在医院里。

in issue，in the issue

in issue在争论中，在议论中

This problem is still in issue．

这个问题正在争论中。

in the issue结果，到头来

Though the company tried their best，the problem of gas hasn't been settled in the issue．

虽然公司做了极大的努力，但煤气供不应求的问题仍未解决。

in mass，in the mass

in mass全部，整个地，全体

We have adopted his suggestions in mass．

我们已全盘采纳了他的建议。

in the mass总的来说，总体上

Children in the mass are pretty much alike．

总的来说，孩子们都是差不多的。

in milk，in the milk

in milk在产奶期间

That cow is in milk．

那头牛正处于产奶期。

in the milk在牛奶里，(谷物等)正在灌浆

The wheat was then in the milk．

那时小麦正在灌浆。

in office，in the office

in office执政，当权

The Conservative Party has been in office for many years．

保守党已执政多年。

in the office在办公室

The principal is now in the office．

校长现在正在办公室里。

leave office，leave the office

leave office离职

We were surprised to learn that he would soon leave office．

当听说他很快就要离职时，我们感到很惊奇。

leave the office离开办公室

He left the office just now．

他刚离开办公室。

in place of，in the place of

in place of代替

We make good use of special plastics in place of the alloy．

我们充分利用特殊塑料来代替那种合金。

in the place of在……地方

A new hospital is set up in the place of the old one．

一座新医院在旧址上建立起来。

in possession of，in the possession of

in possession of占有，拥有(表主动)

We are in possession of nuclear weapons．

我们拥有核武器。

in the possession of被……占有;为……所有(表被动)

The keys are in the possession of the door keeper．

钥匙在门卫手里。

in prison，in the prison

in prison坐牢

He broke the la wand was in prison．

他犯法坐牢了。

in the prison在监狱里

There is a factory in the prison．

监狱里有一个工厂。

in rank，in the ranks

in rank成队列，成行列

Four men in rank came stepping down the plank．

四人一行踏着木板走下来。

in the ranks当兵，当战士

Thomas could have obtained a commission but he chose to serve in the ranks．

托马斯本可以获得军衔，但他宁愿当一名士兵。

in result，in the result

in result结果，因此

The dam broke and in result the land was flooded．

大坝垮了，土地因此被淹没了。

in the result后来

You took a great risk though in the result it did not turn out nearly so badly as it might have done．

尽管后来不是那么严重，但是你冒的风险太大了。

in red，in the red

in red穿着红色衣服

The girl in red is my daughter．

穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。

in the red亏损，负债，出现赤字

The company had been operating in the red until he took over．

这个公司在他接手之前一直负债经营。

in rough，in the rough

in rough在草稿纸上

I've got the essay written out in rough，but I have yet to revise it．

我已把论文的草稿写出来了，但还得修改。

in the rough未加工的，未完成的，大概，大约，杂乱无章的

The plan is still in the rough．

这个计划还很粗糙。

It's true in the rough．

这大概是对的。

in secret，in the secret

in secret秘密地，私下;暗地

They met in secret three times．

他们三次私下相会。

The meeting was held in secret．

会议在秘密中举行。

in the secret参与秘密;知道内情

Are you in the secret about the matter?

你知道这件事的内情吗?

in sight of，in the sight of

in sight of能看见

We shall soon be in sight of my old home．

我们不久就能看到我的老家了。

in the sight of依照……的看法，在……看来

He was guilty in the sight of the law．

依照法律，他是有罪的。

Blacks and whites in America are equal in the sight of the law．依照法律观点来看，美国的黑人和白人是平等的。

in store，in the store

in store储备;准备着，即将发生

If the lights go out，we have candles in store in the closet．

假如灯熄了，我们的壁橱中备有蜡烛。

We don't know what is in store for us．

我们不知道我们将来会如何。

in the store在商店里，在仓库里

You can buy this kind of toy for your son in the store．

你可以在商店里给你儿子买到这种玩具。

in trade，in the trade

in trade做买卖，开铺子

They live by engaging in trade．

他们以做买卖为生。

He is in trade．

他在开铺子。

in the trade内行，行家

He is in the trade．

他是个行家。

He plays badminton in the trade．

他打羽毛球很内行。

in view of，in the view of

in view of考虑到，鉴于，被看见

In view of our departure tomorrow，can I have a few words with you?

你明天就要离开了，我想跟你谈一谈好吗?

in the view of按……意见

In the view of magistrate the of fence was not a serious one．

根据治安法庭法官的意见，这桩违法事件并不严重。

on back，on the back

on back仰面(悬空)

He had a fall on back．

他仰面摔倒了。

on the back在背上，在背面;仰面(接触)

She can swim on the back．

她会仰泳。

He gave me a tap on the back．

他在我背上拍了一下。

on board，on the board，on the boards

on board在(船、飞机、车等)上，在甲板上，上船

As soon as I'm on board，I always feel sick．

我一上船就总觉得恶心。

on the board在会上讨论

This rough problem will be on the board．

这个棘手的问题将在会上讨论。

on the boards当演员;在舞台上

Lily was on the boards，but Katie could get nothing to do．

莉莉当上了演员而凯蒂却找不到事做。

on earth，on the earth

on earth到底，究竟

What on earth do you mean?

你到底是什么意思?

on the earth地球上

The living beings on the earth are innumerable．

地球上的生物多得不计其数。

on fire，on the fire

on fire着火，着急

When they heard that the storehouse was on fire，they rushed there to help put it out．

他们一听说仓库着火，便迅速赶去帮忙灭火。

He was on fire to rejoin his family after an absence of ten years．

他迫切想和阔别十年的家人团聚。

on the fire在考虑中;在审议中;在准备中

Your suggestion is on the fire．这个计划在审议中。

on side，on the side

on side(足球、曲棍球等)合规则的位置上

The footballs are required to play on side during the match．

足球运动员要在合规则的位置上进行比赛。

on the side作为兼职，另外;秘密地，背地里;私下

His job at the hospital did not pay much，so he found another on the side．

他在该医院里的工作收入不高，因此另外又找了个兼职。

I'm telling you on the side．

我这是同你谈私房话。

on watch，on the watch

on watch值班

I am on watch today．今天我值班。

on the watch警惕着;提防着

The frontier officers and the customs officers were on the watch for smugglers．

边防官员和海关官员密切注视着走私犯。

out of question，out of the question

out of question毫无疑问，无疑

The success of surgical operation is out of question．

外科手术的成功是没有问题的。

out of the question毫无可能，办不到的

In the absence of political independence，economic independence is out of the question．

没有政治上的独立，就谈不上经济上的独立。

to death，to the death

to death……到极点

But I see you are tired to death and will wish you good night．

不过我看你疲倦极了，还是祝你晚安吧。

to the death到死，到底，永远

He will stand by his friend to the death．

他将永远跟他的朋友站在一起。

come into possession of，come into the possession of

come into possession of占有;拥有;获得

When did he come into possession of those rare books?

他是在何时得到那些珍本的?

come into the possession of为(某人)所占有

The land came into the possession of the firm．

那块土地被该公司所占有。

do business，do the business

do business做买卖;做生意

We are ready to do business with all countries on a basis of equality and mutual benefit．

我们愿意和一切国家在平等互惠的基础上进行贸易。

do the business解决问题，达到目的

He was in high fever，but a few doses of Chinese medicinal herbs did the business．

他正在发高烧，但几剂中草药就使他的烧退了。

get word，get the word

get word听说;得知

I got word this morning that he was dismissed．

今天上午我得知他被解雇了。

get the word得到命令或吩咐

I don't budget till I get the word from Mike．

迈克不发话，我就不会作安排。

go to church，go to the church

go to church去教堂做礼拜;结婚

Christians go to church every Sunday．

基督教徒每星期天上教堂做礼拜。

go to the church到教堂去

He went to the church to mend the roof．

他到教堂去修理房顶。

go to ground，go to the ground

go to ground隐居，进入地穴

They are looking for a suburban villa where they can go to ground．他们正在物色一所郊区的别墅，以便隐居起来。

go to the ground落空，成为泡影:灭亡

The project went to the ground．

计划成了泡影。

go to school，go to the school

go to school上学;入学

She went to school at six．

她六岁上学。

go to the school到学校去

She went to the school to see her teachers．

她去学校看望老师。

go to sea，go to the sea

go to sea去当水手;出航

He was offered several jobs，but he preferred to go to sea．

给他提供好几样工作，但他选择了当水手。

go to the sea到海边去

Last summer he invited me to go to the sea for the holidays．

去年夏天，他邀请我到海边去度假。

keep house，keep the house

keep house料理家务

She offered to stay and keep house．

她主动留下来料理家务。

keep the house呆在家里，不出门

He kept the house during his illness．

他生病期间闭门不出。

serve time，serve the time

serve time坐牢

He served time．

他坐过牢。

serve the time随波逐流，见风使舵

He is the man who serves the time．

他是见风使舵的那种人。

take advice，take the advice

take advice征求(他人)意见

I took advice on the matter．

关于那件事情，我征求过他人的意见。

take the advice听从劝告

He refused to take the advice and failed．

他不听劝告，结果失败了。

take air，take the air

take air让传开，泄漏

Since the matter has already taken air，there is no use trying to hush it up．

既然事情已经传开，再瞒也没有用了。

take the air到户外呼吸新鲜空气，散步

Many retired veteran workers are taking the air in the park．

许多退休工人在公园里呼吸新鲜空气。

take ground，take the ground

take ground坚持某观点，着陆

He takes ground upon his own views．

他坚持自己的观点。

take the ground登滩，搁浅

They chose a boat that was able to take the ground quickly．

他们挑选了一艘能迅速登滩的小艇。

take service，take the service

take service参军;服役

Remember that whatever general you take service under，you will follow him．

记住，不管在哪位将军手下服役，你必须听从他的指挥。

take the service开球，首先发球

Well，let's start．Will you take the service or shall I?

好吧，咱们就开始吧。是你先发球还是我先发球?