3.类指用法

(1)与单数可数名词连用，代表一类人或事物。

The ox is a useful animal．

牛是有用的牲畜。

The compass was invented in China．

指南针是在中国发明的。

Is the type writer or the computer more useful to a modern business?现代商业是打字机更有用还是计算机更有用?

The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals．

老虎和猫属于哺乳动物中的同一家族。

提示：

man或woman指类别时，不用定冠词。

Man must change in a changing world．

人类必须在变化的世界中变化。

Woman differs from man in many ways．

女人和男人在诸多方面有所不同。

Man is fighting a battle against pollution．

人类在与污染抗争。

It's wrong to think that man is superior to woman．

认为男人优于女人是错误的。

(2)与某些形容词或分词连用，代表整个类别或某一抽象概念。

If we want to develop our creativity，we can try using some of the thinking strategies of the great and famous．(人教大纲版高二下第60页)

如果我们想要开发自己的创造力，可以试着采用伟人和名人所用过的那些思维策略。

For a long time，mental disability was considered shameful and the mentally disabled received little treatment or encouragement．(人教大纲版高二下第55页)

长期以来，弱智被认为是羞耻的，而弱智患者极少得到治疗和鼓励。

Only by destroying the old and the rotten can we build the new and the sound．

只有破坏旧的、腐朽的东西，才能建设新的、健全的东西。

There will always be such opposites as the right and the wrong，the good and the evil，the beautiful and the ugly．

总是存在着对与错、善与恶、美与丑这样的对立面。

同样地，“the+表示民族(或国籍)的形容词”代表整个民族(或该国人)。

The French have long had trade relations with us．

我们公司与法国有着长期的贸易往来。

提示：

表示民族(或国籍)的形容词与名词大部分都是以-ch或-sh结尾的。如果不同形，在表示一般、泛指时要用“the+形容词”或“零冠词+复数名词”形式;在表示个别、特指时，要用“the+名词”形式。

The Welsh are well known for their singing．

=Welsh men are well known for their singing．

(所有的)威尔士人因为他们的歌唱而闻名。

The Welsh men I know sing well．

我所认识的威尔士人善于歌唱。

The English often drink beer in pubs．

=Englishmen often drink beer in pubs．

(所有的)英格兰人喜欢在酒吧喝啤酒。

The English men who live here prefer tea to coffee．

住在这里的英格兰人喜欢喝茶而不喜欢喝咖啡。

(3)用在表示特定阶级、集团、党派等的名词之前。

The working class is the leading class of China．

工人阶级是中国的领导阶级。

It is the party that has been leading us from victory to victory．

是党领导我们从胜利走向胜利。

另外，有些名词的复数也可以与定冠词连用，表示一个阶级(层)，或强调整体。

The labouring people are living a happy life in New China．

新中国的劳动人民生活得很幸福。

其他类似用法还有the public，the clergy，the aristocracy(贵族)，the administration，the government等。

(4)用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中的几十年代。

Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s．(人教大纲版高二下第3页)

中关村是20世纪90年代末建成的一个经济特区。

He was not in China in the fifties．

50年代他不在中国。

(5)用在单数名词之前，表示其属性、功能或与之有关的事物的抽象概念等。

These songs are pleasant to the ear．

这些歌曲很悦耳。

The colours of the flowers are pleasing to the eye．

这些花儿的颜色很养眼。

Peter is too fond of the bottle．

彼得太喜欢喝酒了。

When did you go on the stage?

你是什么时候做演员的?

The sight of it a woke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand．(人教大纲版高二上第76页)

一看到这种情景，叔叔身上的科学精神就被唤醒了。