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高中英语语法新体验——从经典例句开始
1.4.2.1 1.类指用法

1.类指用法

(1)表示一类人或事物。

A teacher must love his students.

老师应当爱学生。

The best way to learn a language is to live among its speakers.

学语言最好的办法是生活在说这种语言的人当中。

Even a child can answer this question.

就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。

A plane is a machine that can fly.

飞机是能飞的机器。

提示:

给事物下定义时,常这样用。

This is a desk,not a table.

这是课桌,不是餐桌。

提示:

不定冠词a用来说明某类事物中的一个。这句话变成复数是:These are desks,not tables.

May I have an apple?

我能吃一个苹果吗?

提示:

不定冠词在表示“一个”或“某一个”意思的时候,在译为汉语时,一般都有“一”字出现。在不定冠词表示类别时,译为汉语时“一”字是不一定出现的。正因为这样,我们在表示这类意思时,常常受汉语的影响,忘了加冠词,因此必须特别注意。一般说来,可数名词单数,如果是泛指,前面总是要加不定冠词的。另外不定冠词在表示类别时,如果要把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只要把不定冠词去掉就行了,因为可数名词复数也有表类别的作用。

Teachers must love their students.

老师应当爱学生。

Even children can answer this question.

就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。

(2)用在作表语和同位语的名词前,泛指某人的职业、阶级、宗教等。

This is a home for the aged.

这是一所养老院。

The peasant girl has now become an engineer.

这个农村姑娘现在成了工程师了。

This is Mr.Brown,a member of the trade union.

这是工会的布朗先生。

Are you a doctor or a nurse?

您是大夫还是护士?

这种表示类别的用法在下面这类句子中也可以看到:

He worked as a language teacher in that university.

他在那所大学里任语文教师。

She was soon accepted as a member of the club.

不久她就被接受加入了这个俱乐部。

We all thought him a suitable person for the job.

我们都认为他是适合这项工作的人。

The teacher made her a group leader.

老师让他当组长。

提示:

但如果这个职位只由一人担任,而且用作表语、同位语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或者用作介词as的宾语时,用零冠词。

In 1860,Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States.

1860年亚伯拉罕·林肯成了美国总统。

Tomorrow I am going to take charge of my first trip as captain.

明天我将作为船长负责我的第一次远航。

George W.Bush,President of the United States,gave a speech in Qinghua University.

美国总统乔治·W.布什,在清华大学做了一次演讲。

He was made chairman of the conference.

大家选他为会议主席。

Who is captain of the team?

谁是足球队队长?

在turn,go(变成)之后的表语前用零冠词。

He was a medical student before he turned writer.

他在当作家之前是个医学系的学生。

Nothing would make me turn traitor to my country.

什么也不能让我背叛我的祖国。

He has gone socialist.

他成了社会主义者。

He went liberal.

他成了自由主义者。