2.冠词的特指

特指不同于类指，它不是泛指一类人或事物而是特指一类人或事物中的具体对象。这里分为两种情况:

(1)一种是非常明确地指出何人或何物，称为“有定特指”，定冠词常作这种用法。

He saw a house in the country，isolated and far away from the nearest town．He stood outside the house for a while before going in．In the front room there was a fire burning in the fireplace．The room was clean，small and very warm．

他在田野里看到一栋房子，孤零零的，离最近的城镇也很远。他在房子外面站了一会儿才进去。在前面房间的壁炉里燃着炉火。房间窄小却很干净暖和。(the nearest town特指离这栋房子最近的城镇，the house和the room则特指上文提到过的房子和房间)

Let's meet at the railway station．

咱们火车站见吧。(指谈话双方都知道的火车站)

Where are the other students?

其他学生在哪里?

This is the head of our delegation．

这是我们代表团的团长。

Did you go to the opening ceremony?

你去没去参加开幕典礼?

Let's go and water the vegetable plots．

咱们去给菜地浇水吧。

(2)另一种情况是“不定特指”，不定特指也特指具体对象但不是很明确。不定冠词常作这种用法。

This poem was written by a student．

这首诗是一个学生写的。(虽未道出姓名但所指仍为某一特定学生)

At that time I was working in a factory．

那时我在一家工厂工作。

A professor from their university is coming to give us a talk．

他们大学的一位教授将来给我们作报告。

要区别不定冠词的不定特指用法和类指用法，不定冠词的类指用法不指一类人或事物中的具体对象，而是指任何一个对象。

A baby deer can stand as soon as it is born．

(任何)小鹿生下来就会站立。

One should give a child plenty of encouragement．

人们应该给(任何一个)孩子足够的鼓励。